2.4 macromolecules

Question 1

Pure substances that cannot be broken into simpler substances

Answer 1

Element

Question 2

Molecules that can bond to similar or identical molecules to form a polymer

Answer 2

monomers

Question 3

A substance composed of similar units bonded together

Answer 3

polymer

Question 4

A chemical reaction between two molecules in which a water molecule is released and a covalent bond forms; often requires an input of energy; polymers are built as a result of this reaction

Answer 4

dehydration reaction

Question 5

A chemical reaction in which a water molecule cleaves a covalent bond to form two products; monomeric subunits of polymers are cleaved from a polymer by this reaction

Answer 5

hydrolysis reaction

Question 6

Carbohydrate polymers made of many sugar molecules

Answer 6

polysaccharides

Question 7

A sugar compound that serves as the backbone for triglycerides and phospholipids

Answer 7

glycerol

Question 8

A molecule composed of a long hydrocarbon chain with a carboxylic acid group on one end

Answer 8

fatty acid

Question 9

A phosphorus atom bound to four oxygen atoms

Answer 9

phosphate group

Question 10

An important biological macromolecule that is present in all cells and controls the intermediate steps involved in protein synthesis

Answer 10

ribonucleic acid (RNA)

Question 11

The set of 64 codons that specify the 20 amino acids

Answer 11

genetic code

Question 12

Which of the following groups is synthesized from monosaccharides like glucose?​​​​​​​

Answer 12

Carbohydrates

Glucose is a carbohydrate monomer.

Question 13

Which of the following monomers form enzymes?​​​​​​​

Answer 13

Amino acids

Enzymes are proteins, so they are made up of amino acids.

Question 14

Which of the following macromolecules stores genetic information?​​​​​​​

Answer 14

Deoxyribonucleic acid​​​​​​​

Question 15

In 8 to 10 sentences, explain why each type of macromolecule is important to the human body.​​​​​​​

Answer 15

Briefly describe a function of each macromolecule.

Macromolecules perform different functions for living things.
Carbohydrates are used as a source of energy and for structural purposes.
Lipids can form membranes and store energy. They are used as chemical messengers.
Nucleic acids store genetic information and help transmit information needed to make proteins.
Proteins form many body structures, form enzymes used in metabolism, provide immunity, form cell membrane transport channels, and can even be used as an energy source.