Roles of Hormones in Metabolism

Question 1

Insulin

Answer 1

A peptide hormone created by Beta cells in the pancreas

high glucose levels= insulin released to absorb glucose from blood stream to either be used or stored

Question 2

Pancreatic Insulin release

Answer 2

Glucose enters pancreatic beta cells known as GLUT2
once inside, glucose go thru glycolysis and citric acid cycle (ATP levels increase)
potassium build up, triggers Calcium ion trigger ER to release more calcium ions and release insulin
insulin put out into blood stream

Question 3

Other factors that stimulate insulin release

Answer 3

Acetylcholine
arginine 
leucine 
CCK 
GLP-1
GIP

Question 4

What inhibits insulin release

Answer 4

Norepinephrine
why? involved in fight or flight to increase glucose levels whereas insulin wants to take it up, which we do not want in stressful situations

Question 5

Insulin-responsive tissues

Answer 5

Skeletal muscle and fat cells: insulin binds to their receptors as trigger another receptor known as GLUT4 so glucose can move into cell

Question 6

What other kinda of metabolism does insulin affect?

Answer 6

lipid metabolism
carbohydrate metabolism
amino acid/protein metabolism (protein breakdown and helps body absorb amino acids)

Question 7

Type I

Answer 7

Cannot naturally produce insulin

Question 8

Glucagon

Answer 8

Peptide hormone, and Pancreatic alpha cells and released when too little glucose in blood. (responds to low insulin levels)

Question 9

Main goal of glucagon

Answer 9

increase blood sugar, release circulation of stored glucose in liver
gluconeogenesis