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Bio/Biochem > Endocrine Glands, Hormones, and Functions (5/14) > Flashcards

Endocrine Glands, Hormones, and Functions (5/14) Flashcards

1
Q

Hypothalamus role

A

Bridge between nervous and endocrine systems

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2
Q

Hypothalamus job

A

controls things such as body temperature, metabolism, fatigue, and sleep. Oversees activity of pituitary gland

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3
Q

Pituitary gland anatomy

A

Contains an anterior and posterior lobe and receive information from hypothalamus

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4
Q

The anterior lobe of the pituitary gland

A

received signals from hypothalamus via hormones

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5
Q

The posterior globe of the pituitary gland

A

receives signals from the hypothalamus via neuronal signals

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6
Q

The connection between the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, and the hypothalamus

A

the hypophyseal portal system

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7
Q

Tropic hormones

A

Hormones that act on other endocrine glands

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8
Q

Tropic hormones naming

A

something-releasing and then something-stimulating

then something

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9
Q

Example of thyrotropin-releasing hormone

A

TRH gets released from the hypothalamus and signals the anterior pituitary gland to release thyroid-stimulating hormone for the thyroid gland to release T3 and T4

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10
Q

GnRH

A

released from hypothalamus for LH and FSH to be released from anterior pituitary lobe
FSH: maturation of ovary and release of testosterone
LH: promotes spermatogenesis or estrogen

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11
Q

CRH

A

ACTH gets released from anterior pituitary and goes to adrenal glands to release corticosteroids to control stress and circadian rhythms

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12
Q

GHRH

A

GH in times of stress and is involved in blood glucose (gets released from anterior pituitary)

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13
Q

Prolactin

A

released from AP and acts on mammary glands

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14
Q

Endorphins

A

released from AP and reduced perception of pain

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15
Q

Similarities between AP and PP

A

Secrete peptide hormones and receive hypothalamic input

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16
Q

Posterior pituitary

A

bundle of neuromal axons

hormones are made in hypothalamus and goes to PP and when stimulation comes, it gets released from PP

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17
Q

Oxytocin and ADH (vasopressin)

A

ADH- released when dehydrated

Oxytocin- labor contraction, lactation, and social bonding

18
Q

Thyroid

A

anterior on trachea, right below adam’s apple

secretes T3 and T4

19
Q

Parathyroid glands

A

4 small glands located on the posterior side of the thyroid

release PTH- increase calcium circular levels

20
Q

Adrenal glands

A

sits on top of kidney
medulla- surrounded by cortex
Cortex releases corticosteroids

21
Q

What are the classes of corticosteroids that the cortex of the adrenal glands release?

A 
Glucocorticoids
Mineralocorticoids
Sex hormones 
(sugar, salt, and sex) 
Released by ATCH from anterior pituitary gland
22
Q

Cortisol (Glucocorticoids)

A

Released from the adrenal cortex in response to stress and low blood pressure. Increases blood glucose levels and suppressing inflammatory immune responses

23
Q

Adrenal medulla

A

produces epinephrine and norepinephrine

belong to a larger group of hormones called catecholamines

24
Q

Pancreas

A

Alpha cells
Beta cells
Detla cells

25
Q

Alpha cells

26
Q

Beta cells

27
Q

Delta cells

A

Somatostatin

28
Q

Pineal gland

A

secretes melatonin to regulate sleep cycles and wakefulness

29
Q

Atrial natriuretic peptide

A

released in response to high blood volume to regulate fluid balance

30
Q

Thymus

A

Thymosin- helps T-cells development and mature

31
Q

Digestive system

A

Gastrin, CCK, and secretin

32
Q

Blood glucose levels

A

insulin and glucagon
Cortisol- increases blood glucose in fasted state
Epinephrine- raises blood glucose (flight or fight)
GH- increase blood glucose when stressed

33
Q

Calcium regulation

A

PTH- secreted by parathyroid gland to raise
Calcitonin- released by thyroid gland to lower
Vitamin D- promotes absorption

34
Q

Fluid balance

A

too little: high blood osmolality
Aldosterone- works with RASS and renin releases angiotensin I and gets converted to II and stimulates aldosterone release
ADH aka vasopressin

35
Q

RAAS dysregulation

A

can cause a dangerous rise in blood pressure

36
Q

ANP

A

produced by the heart and released to high blood pressure and decrease sodium absorption (lowers blood pressure for fluid loss)

37
Q

Acute stress

A

fight or flight
epinephrine and norepinephrine called catecholamines
increase blood glucose levels

38
Q

Chronic stress

A

repeated exposure to stressful situations
cortisol
increases blood glucose levels
suppresses inflammation

39
Q

Metabolic rate

40
Q

Hypothyroidism

A

insufficient T3 and T3

fatigue, cold intolerance, weight gain, depressed heart and respiratory rates

41
Q

Sexual development: female

A

LH: ovaries produce estrogen
FSH:

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