Digestive System Flashcards
SAlivary glands
lubricates and produces salivary amylase to break down starch and lingual lipase to break down fats. lysozyme can help to kill some bacteria
Esophasgus
muscular tube. epiglottis blocks trachea. uses peristalsis to push food down and enders through lower esophageal sphincter
Parietal cells
secrete gastric acid which is HCL and salts.
Chief cells
release pepsinogen and turned to pepsin which is active
Intrinsic factor
released to help absorb vitamin B12 and water
Mucous epithelial cells
produce mucous to line the stomach to protect it from it’s own acid
H. pylori
can be dangerous because it can burrow under the protective mucous layer that coats the stomach
Small intestine
has villi and enterocytes which are epithelial cells that line the surface, the “brush boarder”. main sites of absorption
secretin
stimulates secretion of bicarbonate to neutralize the acidic chyme
CCK
Stimulates the release of digestive enzymes from pancreas and gall bladder
Gallbladder
stores bile which is produced in the liver. helps with fat absorption
Lipid emulsification
forms micelles and breaks them up to facilitate absorption
Liver
secretes bile, detoxifies compounds, metabolizes drugs and medications, stores glycogen and triglycerides, mobilizes glucose and fatty acids. relationship with hepatic portal vein
Pancrease
releases into pancreatic duct which drains into SI. include pancreatic amylase, pancreatic lipases and proteases. endocrine role is how to releases insulin into the blood
Large intestine
absorbs water
The relationship between villi, microvilli, and enterocyte
villi are finger-like projections of the SI’s epithelial surface, and each villus contains many enterocytes. Each enterocyte contains many microvilli
What molecules do enterocytes take up in the small intestine?
Mono and Disaccarides, amino acids, and fatty acids
Endocrine system functions
Affect appetite, stimulate digestion, halts digestion
Leptin
Suppresses appetite and promotes feeling of fullness. produced from fat
Ghrelin
a hormone secreted by specialized cells in pancreas and upper stomach when appetite is stimulated
Roll of G cells
secrete gastrin which tell parietal cells when to produce gastric acid
CCK
can also inhibit appetite and is produced by small intestine
Somatostatin
halts gastrin, CCK and secretin and prevents releases insulin and glucagon. inhibits growth hormone synthesis and release
Its own nervous system called Enteric
branched of autonomic, and can lead to sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system
Carbohydrates
mouth-salivary amylase
esophagus- peristalsis
stomach- churning helps break down & CCK released from pancreas into pancreas
SI- enterocytes, then passage into blood stream
Protein
stomach- pepsin hydrolyses the peptide bonds
Pancreas- proteases (trypsin) into SI
SI- Trypsin
Fats
hydrophobic oral cavity- lingual lipase pancreas- pancreatic lipase bile- dissolves fat in SI creates micelles
Viatmins
water soluble- B, C (circulate blood and excreted)
fat soluble- A, D, E, K (stored in fat)
Vitamin A
essential for vision
Vitamin D
increases absorption of calcium, etc. regulates calcium and phosphate in the blood stream. Cacitriol
Vitamin K
synthesized by bacteria in the large intestine and coagulation
Vitamin C
deficiency- scury, gum disease. needed for collagen synthesis
Minerals
inorganic substances
macrominerals- ca, na, k
trace minerals- iron, copper, zinc
