Digestive System

Question 1

SAlivary glands

Answer 1

lubricates and produces salivary amylase to break down starch and lingual lipase to break down fats. lysozyme can help to kill some bacteria

Question 2

Esophasgus

Answer 2

muscular tube. epiglottis blocks trachea. uses peristalsis to push food down and enders through lower esophageal sphincter

Question 3

Parietal cells

Answer 3

secrete gastric acid which is HCL and salts.

Question 4

Chief cells

Answer 4

release pepsinogen and turned to pepsin which is active

Question 5

Intrinsic factor

Answer 5

released to help absorb vitamin B12 and water

Question 6

Mucous epithelial cells

Answer 6

produce mucous to line the stomach to protect it from it’s own acid

Question 7

H. pylori

Answer 7

can be dangerous because it can burrow under the protective mucous layer that coats the stomach

Question 8

Small intestine

Answer 8

has villi and enterocytes which are epithelial cells that line the surface, the “brush boarder”. main sites of absorption

Question 9

secretin

Answer 9

stimulates secretion of bicarbonate to neutralize the acidic chyme

Question 10

CCK

Answer 10

Stimulates the release of digestive enzymes from pancreas and gall bladder

Question 11

Gallbladder

Answer 11

stores bile which is produced in the liver. helps with fat absorption

Question 12

Lipid emulsification

Answer 12

forms micelles and breaks them up to facilitate absorption

Question 13

Liver

Answer 13

secretes bile, detoxifies compounds, metabolizes drugs and medications, stores glycogen and triglycerides, mobilizes glucose and fatty acids. relationship with hepatic portal vein

Question 14

Pancrease

Answer 14

releases into pancreatic duct which drains into SI. include pancreatic amylase, pancreatic lipases and proteases. endocrine role is how to releases insulin into the blood

Question 15

Large intestine

Answer 15

absorbs water

Question 16

The relationship between villi, microvilli, and enterocyte

Answer 16

villi are finger-like projections of the SI’s epithelial surface, and each villus contains many enterocytes. Each enterocyte contains many microvilli

Question 17

What molecules do enterocytes take up in the small intestine?

Answer 17

Mono and Disaccarides, amino acids, and fatty acids

Question 18

Endocrine system functions

Answer 18

Affect appetite, stimulate digestion, halts digestion

Question 19

Leptin

Answer 19

Suppresses appetite and promotes feeling of fullness. produced from fat

Question 20

Ghrelin

Answer 20

a hormone secreted by specialized cells in pancreas and upper stomach when appetite is stimulated

Question 21

Roll of G cells

Answer 21

secrete gastrin which tell parietal cells when to produce gastric acid

Question 22

CCK

Answer 22

can also inhibit appetite and is produced by small intestine

Question 23

Somatostatin

Answer 23

halts gastrin, CCK and secretin and prevents releases insulin and glucagon. inhibits growth hormone synthesis and release

Question 24

Its own nervous system called Enteric

Answer 24

branched of autonomic, and can lead to sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system

Question 25

Carbohydrates

Answer 25

mouth-salivary amylase
esophagus- peristalsis
stomach- churning helps break down & CCK released from pancreas into pancreas
SI- enterocytes, then passage into blood stream

Question 26

Protein

Answer 26

stomach- pepsin hydrolyses the peptide bonds
Pancreas- proteases (trypsin) into SI
SI- Trypsin

Question 27

Fats

Answer 27

hydrophobic 
oral cavity- lingual lipase
pancreas- pancreatic lipase
bile- dissolves fat in SI 
creates micelles

Question 28

Viatmins

Answer 28

water soluble- B, C (circulate blood and excreted)

fat soluble- A, D, E, K (stored in fat)

Question 29

Vitamin A

Answer 29

essential for vision

Question 30

Vitamin D

Answer 30

increases absorption of calcium, etc. regulates calcium and phosphate in the blood stream. Cacitriol

Question 31

Vitamin K

Answer 31

synthesized by bacteria in the large intestine and coagulation

Question 32

Vitamin C

Answer 32

deficiency- scury, gum disease. needed for collagen synthesis

Question 33

Minerals

Answer 33

inorganic substances
macrominerals- ca, na, k
trace minerals- iron, copper, zinc