Genetic inheritance

Question 1

Phenotype

Answer 1

An organisms outside appearance

Question 2

Gene

Answer 2

A DNA sequence that codes for a protein that produces a given trait

Question 3

Heterozygotes

Answer 3

Carrier

Question 4

Hemizygous

Answer 4

X

Question 5

Wild-type

Answer 5

default genotype pr phenotype

Question 6

Mutant

Answer 6

Mutated alleles

Question 7

Loss of function mutations

Answer 7

recessive. Needs to affect both alleles

Question 8

Gain of function mutations

Answer 8

Dominant

Question 9

Pea plant Punett squares results

Answer 9

parents: RR x rr
F1: all Rr
F2: RR, Rr, rr
(1:2:1 genotype) (3:1 phenotype)

Question 10

Test cross

Answer 10

A dominant phenotype of unknown genotype is crossed with a homozygus recessive organism.

Question 11

Backcrossing

Answer 11

When a hybrid is crossed back with its parents. Goal: obtain more offspring similar to parent

Question 12

Dihybrid cross

Answer 12

Looking at two different phenotypes

Question 13

What is the phenotypic ration when crossing heterozygotes in a dihybrid cross?

Answer 13

9:3:3:1

Question 14

Complete dominance

Answer 14

One dominant allele masks expression of other

Question 15

Codominance

Answer 15

Dominant alleles are both expressed

EX) AB bloodtype

Question 16

Incomplete dominance

Answer 16

When the F1 generation shows a blended phenotype. Intermediate of both parents

Question 17

Penetrance

Answer 17

Percent of individuals with a given genotype who display the associate phenotype

Question 18

Expressivity

Answer 18

Severity of phenotype

Question 19

Autosomal

Answer 19

Non-sex inherited. Affect F and M equally

Question 20

Sex-linked

Answer 20

sex linked inherited mutation

Question 21

Law of segregation

Answer 21

allele pairs segregate randomly from each other into gametes

Question 22

law of independent assortment

Answer 22

Alleles from separate traits are independently inherited

Question 23

Law of dominance

Answer 23

Recessive alleles will be masked to some degree

Question 24

Chiasmata

Answer 24

Crossing over points