Population Genetics Flashcards
Evolution system
Needs:
variation
reproduction
differential reproduction due to selective pressure
Natural selection
describes how favorable traits are favored in a population over time. Selects favorable over time
Alturism
Acting in a way that helps others
Inclusive fitness
traits passed that promote survival of the group (passed on genetics)
Fitness
An individual’s probability to reproduce
Hardy-weinberg equilibrium rules
no mutation random mating no gene flow large population size no natural selection
Stabilizing selection
Favors intermediate phenotypes
Directional selection
One extreme phenotype is favored over the other
Disruptive selection
Favors extreme phenotypes over intermediate phenotype
Genetic drift
changes in a gene pool due to random chance
The bottle neck effect
genetic drift due to a natural event. artificially increases or decreases alleles
Founder effect
reduction in genetic diversity due to small group finding a new colony
Factors influencing evolution
gene flow, random chance, migration, mutation, selective pressure
Reproductive isolation factors
Prezygotic barriers
postzygotic barriers
Divergent evolution
When species diverge from a common ancestor to become more genetically and phenotypically different
