Circulatory System

Question 1

Blood structure

Answer 1

plasma- fluid component (55%) and carries ions, nutrients, and gases
buffy coat- 1% and contains white blood cells and platelets
red blood cells- 45%, hematocrit. carries gases like CO2 and O2

Question 2

Platelets

Answer 2

Cell fragments and are essential for coagulation (blood clotting) and are derived from megakaryocytes

Question 3

Coagulation cascade

Answer 3

Clotting factors have Prothrombin be converted to Thromin which is then converted to Fibrinogen and the Fibrin

Question 4

Erythrocytes and their glycoproteins

Answer 4

This is what ABO blood typing is based off of

Question 5

Rh factor

Answer 5

+= have the factor

Question 6

Erythropoietin

Answer 6

it is released from the kidney and its role is stimulation of red blood cell development

Question 7

The two parts of the cardiovascular system

Answer 7

systemic circulation

pulmonary circulation

Question 8

systemic

Answer 8

takes oxygen rich blood to tissues and the returns the now oxygen depleted blood to the heart

Question 9

Pulmonary circulation

Answer 9

circulatory system through the lungs

Question 10

Arteries function

Answer 10

carry blood away from the heart
arteries of systemic circulation carry oxygenated blood to tissues, but the pulmonary artery carries de-oxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs. also, umbilical artery carries de-oxygenated blood from fetus to placenta to become oxygenated to return back to fetus

Question 11

Artery anatomy

Answer 11

Have a thick muscular wall and are adaptable. branch off into arterioles and lead to capillaries

Question 12

Veins

Answer 12

carry blood to heart. start off as venules and become larger. BP is low in veins

Question 13

How is the gravity issue solved when returning blood to heart through veins?

Answer 13

A valve allows to go to heart, but prevents back flow. Also, skeletal muscle helps

Question 14

The layers of blood vessels

Answer 14

Tunica externa 
Tunica media 
Tunica intima (thin layer of endothelial cells)

Question 15

Atherosclerosis

Answer 15

Fatty plaque build up in arteries. can lead to heart attack if build up is in heart

Question 16

Heart anatomy

Answer 16

right and left atria

right and left ventricle

Question 17

Valves in the heart

Answer 17

Tricuspid on right

Bicuspid on left

Question 18

What is the difference between systole and diastole?

Answer 18

contract, relax respectively

Question 19

Electrical system of the heart

Answer 19

SA node is right atrium with pacemakers. forces heart to contract when given an action potential. after, AV node helps transmit signals along with bundle of His and purkinje fibers

Question 20

Hemoglobin

Answer 20

4 subunits with a heme group (including ion) and this is what binds the oxygen.

Question 21

R state

Answer 21

high affinity for oxygen

Question 22

T state

Answer 22

low affinity for oxygen

Question 23

Shifts in disassociation curve

Answer 23

left: 
decre temp 
decre 2,3-BPG
incre pH
fetal HB

Right:
incre temp
incre 2,3-BPG
decre pH

Question 24

Myoglobin

Answer 24

one subunit and has a higher affinity for oxygen than HB

Question 25

When does the mother’s immune system attack the fetus?

Answer 25

when the mother is negative and the fetus as positive