RNAV: Retroviridae Flashcards
What are the subfamilies that belong to the Retroviridae family?
Oncovirinae
Lentivirinae
What are the important members of the Oncovirinae family?
Human T-cell Leukemia Virus (HTLV) type 1 and type 2
What disease is caused by Human T-cell Leukemia Virus type 1?
Adult T-cell leukemia, Tropical spastic paresis
What disease is associated with Human T-cell Leukemia Virus type 2?
Milder neurological disorders
What are the three main routes of transmission for Human T-cell Leukemia Viruses?
Blood transfusion/sharing needles, sexual contact, vertical transmission (mother to child)
What is a key characteristic of Human T-cell Leukemia Viruses that contributes to disease development?
Integrates into the host genome
What is a unique feature of Human T-cell Leukemia Virus type 1 in comparison to type 2?
HTLV-1 is associated with leukemia and more severe neurological disorders
HTLV-2 causes milder neurological conditions.
What is the approximate size and shape of Human T-cell Leukemia Viruses?
100-150 nm, icosahedral
Why are Human T-cell Leukemia Viruses classified as oncogenic?
They can cause cancer by integrating into the host genome and disrupting normal cell regulation.
What are the two main viruses classified under the Lentivirinae subfamily?
HIV-1
HIV-2
What disease is caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection?
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
What are the three main routes of transmission for Human Immunodeficiency Virus?
Blood transfusion/sharing needles, sexual contact, vertical transmission (mother to child)
Which laboratory tests are used to diagnose Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection?
PCR
ELISA
Western Blot
CD4 Count
What enzyme allows Human Immunodeficiency Virus to integrate into the host genome?
Reverse transcriptase
Which immune cells are primarily targeted by Human Immunodeficiency Virus?
CD4+ T cells
What is the approximate size and shape of Human Immunodeficiency Virus?
100-150 nm, icosahedral
How does Human Immunodeficiency Virus affect CD4+ T lymphocytes?
It decreases CD4+ T cells, increasing the risk and severity of opportunistic infections.
What are the major glycoproteins in the envelope of Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1?
gp120 (external glycoprotein) and gp41 (transmembrane protein)
How does the normal CD4+ to CD8+ ratio compare to an AIDS patient’s ratio?
Normal ratio: 2:1;
AIDS patient: Inverted to ~1:2
What is the normal CD4+ count in a healthy individual?
500 to 1600 cells/mm3
What is the function of the p24 protein in Human Immunodeficiency Virus?
Capsid formation
How does HIV-2 differ from HIV-1 in terms of envelope proteins?
HIV-2 has gp105 (external glycoprotein) and gp36 (transmembrane protein),
HIV-1 has gp120 and gp41.
