RNAV: Orthomyxoviridae Flashcards
What members are in the Orthomyxoviridae family?
Influenza A, B, C
Swine Flu
Avian Influenza
What disease is caused by Influenza A, B, and C viruses?
Influenza (A & B), Mild respiratory illness (C)
How is influenza transmitted?
Aerosols, Respiratory droplets
What is the gold standard laboratory test for detecting influenza viruses?
Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR)
What laboratory procedures are used to diagnose Influenza A and B viruses?
RT-PCR, Viral culture, Antigen detection, Serology
What additional laboratory test is used for Influenza A virus detection?
DNA microarray assays
What are the distinguishing structural features of Influenza A virus?
Possesses Hemagglutinin (HA) and Neuraminidase (NA) spikes, Segmented genome
What is the key characteristic of Influenza B virus compared to Influenza A?
Only infects humans, Less severe than Influenza A
What is the distinguishing characteristic of Influenza C virus?
Lacks Neuraminidase (NA), Has Hemagglutinin-Esterase Fusion (HEF) protein
What is the zoonotic influenza virus that can reassort with human influenza viruses?
Swine Influenza Virus
How is swine influenza transmitted?
Direct contact with infected pigs, Aerosols
What laboratory tests are used to diagnose Swine Influenza Virus?
RT-PCR, Viral culture, Antigen detection
What is the main characteristic of Avian Influenza Virus?
High mutation rate, Potential for zoonotic transmission
How is avian influenza transmitted?
Direct contact with infected birds, Aerosols
What laboratory tests are used to diagnose Avian Influenza Virus?
RT-PCR, Viral culture, Antigen detection, Serology
What is the size and shape of all influenza viruses?
80–120 nm, Spherical, Pleomorphic
What cells are used in viral culture to detect influenza virus?
Madin-Darby Canine Kidney [MDCK] cells
What is the purpose of serology (Hemagglutination Inhibition & Complement Fixation Tests) in influenza diagnostics?
Retrospective diagnosis by detecting a fourfold rise in antibody titers
What sample types are used for serology in influenza diagnostics?
Paired acute and convalescent serum samples
What is the purpose of DNA Microarray Assay in influenza diagnostics?
Differentiates influenza subtypes based on genetic signatures
What method is used in Electron Microscopy (EM) for influenza diagnostics?
Negative staining
What target genes are used in RT-PCR for influenza diagnostics?
Hemagglutinin (HA), Neuraminidase (NA), Matrix (M) gene
What key reagents are used in RT-PCR for influenza diagnostics?
TaqMan probes, SYBR Green for real-time detection
