RNAV: Coronaviridae Flashcards
What are the subfamilies in the Coronavirus family?
Alpha
Beta
Gamma
Delta
What are the important members of Alphacoronavirus?
Human Coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E)
Human Coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63)
What diseases are caused by Alphacoronavirus?
Common cold, mild respiratory infections
How is Alphacoronavirus transmitted?
Respiratory droplets, direct contact
What laboratory tests are used to detect Alphacoronavirus?
Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR), Antigen detection, Serology
What are the distinguishing characteristics of Alphacoronavirus?
Helical nucleocapsid, crown-like spike proteins
What is the size and shape of Alphacoronavirus?
120-160 nm, crown-shaped
What are the important members of Betacoronavirus?
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV)
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV)
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
What diseases are caused by Betacoronavirus?
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
How is Betacoronavirus transmitted?
Respiratory droplets, aerosols, fomites, zoonotic spillover
What laboratory tests are used to detect Betacoronavirus?
(RT-PCR)
Antigen Rapid Tests
(ELISA) for Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and Immunoglobulin M (IgM)
Virus isolation (Biosafety Level-3)
Whole-genome sequencing
What are the distinguishing characteristics of Betacoronavirus?
Spike (S) protein, large genome, zoonotic origins
What is the size and shape of Betacoronavirus?
120-160 nm, crown-shaped
What are the important members of Gammacoronavirus and Deltacoronavirus?
Primarily infect birds and some mammals
What diseases are caused by Gammacoronavirus and Deltacoronavirus?
Rarely associated with human disease
How are Gammacoronavirus and Deltacoronavirus transmitted?
Zoonotic potential in specific cases
What laboratory tests are used to detect Gammacoronavirus and Deltacoronavirus?
Molecular sequencing, Serology (limited in humans)
What are the distinguishing characteristics of Gammacoronavirus and Deltacoronavirus?
Primarily infect birds, occasional cross-species transmission
What is the size and shape of Gammacoronavirus and Deltacoronavirus?
120-160 nm, crown-shaped
What is the gold standard test for detecting COVID-19 and SARS?
Real-Time Quantitative Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR)
What are the target genes in qRT-PCR for coronavirus detection?
E gene, N gene, RdRp gene
What sample types are used for qRT-PCR in coronavirus detection?
Nasopharyngeal swabs, Oropharyngeal swabs, Sputum, Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, Blood
What antigens are used in ELISA for coronavirus detection?
Spike (S) protein, Nucleocapsid (N) protein
What cell lines are used for coronavirus isolation?
Vero E6, Huh7 cells
What biosafety level is required for coronavirus isolation?
Biosafety Level 3 (BSL-3)
What sequencing methods are used for whole-genome sequencing of coronaviruses?
Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS), Sanger Sequencing
What is the gold standard test for assessing neutralizing antibody responses post-infection or vaccination?
Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test (PRNT)
