RNAV: Arenaviridae Flashcards
What are the classification of members of the Arenaviridae family?
Old World Viruses
New World Viruses
Recentrly ID’d Viruses
Which viruses belong to the Old World Arenaviruses?
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV)
Lassa virus
Mopeia virus
Mobala virus
Ippy virus
What diseases are caused by Old World Arenaviruses?
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM)
Lassa fever
How are Old World Arenaviruses transmitted?
Rodent-borne (Mastomys rodents), human-to-human in outbreaks
Which laboratory tests are used to diagnose Old World Arenaviruses?
Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
Virus isolation in Biosafety Level 4 (BSL-4) labs
Serology
What is the characteristic appearance of Arenaviruses under electron microscopy?
Sandy, granular appearance
What type of genome do Arenaviruses have?
Circular segmented negative-sense single-stranded RNA
What is the size and shape of Arenaviruses?
7–10 nm, Spherical
Which viruses belong to the New World Arenaviruses?
Junin virus, Machupo virus, Guanarito virus, Sabiá virus, Chapare virus, Flexal virus
What diseases are caused by New World Arenaviruses?
Argentine hemorrhagic fever (Junín)
Bolivian hemorrhagic fever (Machupo)
Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever (Guanarito)
How are New World Arenaviruses transmitted?
Rodent-borne (Calomys rodents)
Limited human-to-human transmission
Which laboratory tests are used to diagnose New World Arenaviruses?
RT-PCR, Virus isolation in BSL-4 labs, Immunofluorescence assays
What type of genome do New World Arenaviruses have?
Segmented negative-sense single-stranded RNA
Which viruses are classified as recently identified Arenaviruses?
Lujo virus, Merino Walk virus, Menekre virus, Gbagroube virus, Kodoko virus, Morogoro virus
What disease is caused by Lujo virus?
Hemorrhagic fever outbreaks
How are recently identified Arenaviruses transmitted?
Rodent reservoirs, potential for human-to-human transmission (Lujo virus)
Which laboratory tests are used to diagnose recently identified Arenaviruses?
Molecular sequencing, RT-PCR, Serological assays
What is the characteristic structure of recently identified Arenaviruses?
Similar to other Arenaviruses, detected via molecular methods
What is the purpose of Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR)?
Detects viral RNA by amplifying specific genome segments
Which type of RT-PCR is commonly used for viral RNA detection?
Real-Time Quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR)
Which gene is commonly targeted for broad detection of RNA viruses?
L gene (polymerase gene)
Which gene is used for species-specific detection, such as for Lassa virus?
S segment (nucleoprotein gene)
What are common sample types for RT-PCR?
Blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), tissue samples
What key reagents are used in RT-PCR for quantification?
Fluorescent probes (TaqMan or SYBR Green)
What are the advantages of RT-PCR?
High sensitivity, specificity, and rapid detection (~4 hours)
What are the three types of ELISA used for viral detection?
IgM-Capture ELISA
IgG-Indirect ELISA
Antigen-Capture ELISA
What is the purpose of ELISA in diagnosing arenavirus infections?
Serological confirmation (e.g., Lassa fever)
Which cell line is commonly used for Lassa virus isolation?
Vero E6 cells
Which cell line is used for some New World arenaviruses?
SW13 cells
What is the procedure for virus isolation?
Inoculation of clinical samples;
Observation for cytopathic effects (CPE)
What biosafety level is required for isolating highly pathogenic arenaviruses?
Biosafety Level 4 (BSL-4)
What are the two main types of serological assays for antibody detection?
Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay (IFA) and Neutralization Assays
What does Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay (IFA) detect?
Antibodies bound to viral antigens using fluorescent-labeled secondary antibodies
What does a Neutralization Assay measure?
Ability of antibodies to neutralize viral infectivity
