DNAV: Polyomavirus Flashcards
What are the members of the polyomaviridae family?
JC Virus
BK Virus
Merkel Cell Polyomavirus
Trichodysplasia Spinulosa
WU & Ki Polyomavirus
Which laboratory tests are used to diagnose JC virus?
PCR (Cerebrospinal fluid, brain tissue)
MRI (White matter lesions)
Brain biopsy (rarely done, definitive diagnosis)
What type of central nervous system (CNS) damage is caused by JC virus?
Demyelination of CNS (affects oligodendrocytes)
How does JC virus differ from Multiple Sclerosis in terms of inflammation?
JC virus causes no inflammation
What disease is caused by JC virus?
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML)
Which laboratory tests are used to diagnose BK virus?
PCR (Urine, blood, kidney biopsy), Cytology (Urine: detects “decoy cells”)
What is a distinguishing cytological feature of BK virus infection?
“Decoy cells” in urine
Which patient population is at higher risk for BK virus complications?
Kidney transplant recipients
What diseases are caused by BK virus?
BK Virus Nephropathy (BKVN), Hemorrhagic cystitis
Which laboratory tests are used to diagnose Merkel Cell Polyomavirus?
Biopsy with Immunohistochemistry (CK20, synaptophysin markers), PCR (detects MCPyV DNA), Next-Generation Sequencing
What type of cancer is associated with Merkel Cell Polyomavirus?
Merkel Cell Carcinoma (MCC)
What is the clinical behavior of Merkel Cell Carcinoma?
Highly aggressive, metastasizes quickly
Which laboratory tests are used to diagnose Trichodysplasia Spinulosa Polyomavirus?
Skin biopsy, PCR (detects TSPyV DNA)
What is the distinguishing feature of Trichodysplasia Spinulosa Polyomavirus infection?
Causes rare skin disorder in immunocompromised patients
What disease is caused by Trichodysplasia Spinulosa Polyomavirus?
Trichodysplasia Spinulosa (abnormal skin growths, facial spines)
Which laboratory test is used to detect WU and KI polyomaviruses?
PCR (respiratory samples)
Where are WU and KI polyomaviruses commonly found?
Respiratory secretions
What is the clinical significance of WU and KI polyomaviruses?
Unclear role in disease