DNAV: Polyomavirus Flashcards

1
Q

What are the members of the polyomaviridae family?

A

JC Virus
BK Virus
Merkel Cell Polyomavirus
Trichodysplasia Spinulosa
WU & Ki Polyomavirus

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2
Q

Which laboratory tests are used to diagnose JC virus?

A

PCR (Cerebrospinal fluid, brain tissue)
MRI (White matter lesions)
Brain biopsy (rarely done, definitive diagnosis)

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3
Q

What type of central nervous system (CNS) damage is caused by JC virus?

A

Demyelination of CNS (affects oligodendrocytes)

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4
Q

How does JC virus differ from Multiple Sclerosis in terms of inflammation?

A

JC virus causes no inflammation

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5
Q

What disease is caused by JC virus?

A

Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML)

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6
Q

Which laboratory tests are used to diagnose BK virus?

A

PCR (Urine, blood, kidney biopsy), Cytology (Urine: detects “decoy cells”)

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7
Q

What is a distinguishing cytological feature of BK virus infection?

A

“Decoy cells” in urine

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8
Q

Which patient population is at higher risk for BK virus complications?

A

Kidney transplant recipients

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9
Q

What diseases are caused by BK virus?

A

BK Virus Nephropathy (BKVN), Hemorrhagic cystitis

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10
Q

Which laboratory tests are used to diagnose Merkel Cell Polyomavirus?

A

Biopsy with Immunohistochemistry (CK20, synaptophysin markers), PCR (detects MCPyV DNA), Next-Generation Sequencing

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11
Q

What type of cancer is associated with Merkel Cell Polyomavirus?

A

Merkel Cell Carcinoma (MCC)

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12
Q

What is the clinical behavior of Merkel Cell Carcinoma?

A

Highly aggressive, metastasizes quickly

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13
Q

Which laboratory tests are used to diagnose Trichodysplasia Spinulosa Polyomavirus?

A

Skin biopsy, PCR (detects TSPyV DNA)

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14
Q

What is the distinguishing feature of Trichodysplasia Spinulosa Polyomavirus infection?

A

Causes rare skin disorder in immunocompromised patients

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15
Q

What disease is caused by Trichodysplasia Spinulosa Polyomavirus?

A

Trichodysplasia Spinulosa (abnormal skin growths, facial spines)

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16
Q

Which laboratory test is used to detect WU and KI polyomaviruses?

A

PCR (respiratory samples)

17
Q

Where are WU and KI polyomaviruses commonly found?

A

Respiratory secretions

18
Q

What is the clinical significance of WU and KI polyomaviruses?

A

Unclear role in disease