RNAV: Hantaviridae Flashcards
What are the two major disease syndromes caused by hantaviruses?
Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS)
Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS)
What is the primary mode of transmission for hantaviruses?
Rodent-borne (via aerosolized rodent excreta: urine, saliva, feces)
Do hantaviruses have an arthropod vector?
No
What are the two subgroups in Hantaviridae family?
Old World Hantavirus
New World Hantavirus
What are the four main Old World hantaviruses?
Hantaan virus
Seoul virus
Puumala virus
Dobrava virus
What disease is caused by Old World hantaviruses?
Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS)
What organ is primarily affected by HFRS?
Kidneys
What are the key laboratory methods used to diagnose Old World hantavirus infections?
RT-PCR, ELISA (IgM/IgG)
Virus isolation (BSL-3)
Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay (IFA)
What are three examples of New World hantaviruses?
Sin Nombre virus
Andes virus
Laguna Negra virus
What disease is caused by New World hantaviruses?
Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS)
What is the primary organ affected in HPS?
Lungs (causing severe respiratory distress)
What biosafety level is required for isolating New World hantaviruses?
Biosafety Level 4 (BSL-4)
What laboratory test is used for rapid detection of hantavirus RNA?
RT-PCR (Real-Time Quantitative RT-PCR)
What are the two main target genes for RT-PCR in hantavirus detection?
S segment (nucleocapsid gene)
M segment (glycoprotein gene)
What cell lines are commonly used for hantavirus isolation?
Vero E6 cells
BHK-21 cells
What serological test is used to confirm past exposure to hantavirus?
IgG-Indirect ELISA
What serological test is used to detect acute hantavirus infections?
IgM-Capture ELISA
What laboratory technique is used to confirm serological findings by testing antibody-mediated virus neutralization?
Focus Reduction Neutralization Test (FRNT)
What fluorescent-based assay is used to detect hantavirus antibodies?
Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay (IFA)
What is the shape and size of hantaviruses?
Spherical/pleomorphic, 80-120 nm
What are the key structural components of hantaviruses?
Genomic RNA, nucleocapsid protein, glycoproteins
What is the primary rodent host of the Sin Nombre virus?
Peromyscus maniculatus (deer mouse)
In which geographical regions is the Sin Nombre virus found?
United States, western Canada
Which hantavirus is associated with the Sigmodon hispidus (cotton rat)?
Black Creek Canal virus
