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Medical Histology > Review II- 10/16/21 > Flashcards

Review II- 10/16/21 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Elastic/ large artery

A
  • Contains fee started elastic lamina in tunica media
  • Reduce pulsatile flow
  • Contain blood/nerve supply
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2
Q

Muscular/medium arteries

A

Contain diagnostic inner elastic lamina and external elastic lamina
-reduce pulsatile flow

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3
Q

Continuous capillary

A

Contains tight junctions, nothing is getting through

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4
Q

Continuous capillary locations

A
  • Muscle
  • Nervous system
  • CTs
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5
Q

Fee started capillary location

A
  • Endocrine glands
  • Kidney glomerulus
  • Liver
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6
Q

Discontinuous capillary locations

A

Anywhere with sinusoid

  • liver
  • lymph nodes
  • Spleen
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7
Q

Pericytes

A

Contractile cells that sit on the within the basement lamina of capillary bed

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8
Q

Venules

A

Post capillary micro circulation, usually just epithelia, very leaky, important role in inflammation

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9
Q

Lymphedema

A

Swelling caused by blockage of the lymph, which drains interstitial fluid back to heart

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10
Q

Primary lymphoid organs

A

Thymus and Bone marrow

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11
Q

Secondary lymphoid organs (3)

A
  • Lymph nodes (encapsulated)
  • Spleen (encapsulated)
  • Malt (epithelia)
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12
Q

MALT examples

A
  • Tonsils (lingual/palatine and pharyngeal)

- Peyer’s patch

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13
Q

Pharyngeal tonsil epithelia

A

Ciliated Pseudostratified with goblet cells

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14
Q

Palatine/ lingual tonsil epithelia

A

SSNKE with crypts

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15
Q

Peyer’s patch location

A

Small intestine (specifically in the ileum)

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16
Q

Thymus

A

Starry sky appearance created by macrophages, with CT septa and capsule

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17
Q

Lymphoid nodules

A

Only in secondary tissue, clear nodules that contain B cells, germinal centers

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18
Q

Diffuse zone

A

Non-nodular area in the lymphoid tissues, where the T cells live

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19
Q

Splenic organization

A

From trabecular artery to central artery through the PALS to the marginal zone drain to cords, sinusoids, out the trabecular vein

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20
Q

Palatine tonsil

A

SSNKE with deep crypts, plenty of germinal centers

21
Q

High endothelial venule

A

Post capillary venule that is in the paracortex, involved in the paracortical reaction that allows WBCs to enter the lymph nodes, differentiate, lymph node swelling

22
Q

Lymph node circulation

A

Many afferent lymphatics, only one efferent lymphatic, works to slow lymph flow down, also have blood supply through one artery and one vein that branch into capillaries

23
Q

Paracortical reaction

A

Follows activation of HEVs, paracortex enlarges due to T cell influx and proliferation

24
Q

Open circulation of the spleen

A

Central artery drains directly into marginal zone, not in vessels anymore

25
Q

Filtration slits

A

Made by discontinuous epithelia (Stave cells), influx of blood (positive pressure) and outflow through sinusoid (negative pressure) drives RBC movement through filtration slits

26
Q

Stave cells

A

Helps create filtration slits in spleen, gives it Whiskey barrel appearance

27
Q

Skin strata

A

Stratum Basale, Stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum corneum

28
Q

Thick skin

A

Defined by the epidermis (palms and soles)

29
Q

Cell types of stratum basale (4)

A

Stem cells, melanocytes, merkel cells, keratinocytes

30
Q

Cells of strata spinosum (3)

A
  • Keritonocytes
  • Langerhans cells
  • wandering lymphocytes
31
Q

Melanocytes

A
  • Neural crest derivative
  • Lie superficial to BL (in stratum basale)
  • Constant # between races (differ in activity)
  • Synthesize tyrosinase (unique)
  • Pigment (donation)
32
Q

Eccrine gland

A
  • Simple, coiled, tubular gland
  • Thermoregulation, salt balance
  • Does not store (small lumen)
  • Ducts modify sweat, reabsorb sodium (darker)
  • has myoepithelial cells
33
Q

Apocrine gland

A
  • Simple, coiled tubular gland
  • Develops at puberty
  • Large lumen (stored product)
  • ducts do not modify
  • Active during stress, sexual arousal
  • Myoepithelial
34
Q

Squamocolumnar junction

A

The junction between the the esophagus and stomach

35
Q

Barrett’s esophagus

A

Metaplasia of esophagus, replacing SSNKE with simple columnar epithelia, caused by chronic GERD, if not treated can lead to esophageal cancer

36
Q

Layers of GI tract

A

Epithelia, lamina propria, muscularis mucosae (all mucosa), submucosa, muscularis externae (inner circular, outer longitudinal), adventitia/serosa

37
Q

Stomach glands

A

Mucosal glands, include parietal cells and zymogenic chief cells

38
Q

Parietal cells

A
  • Look like fried eggs (eosinophilic)

- Secrete HCL and intrinsic factor (important for Vitamin B12)

39
Q

Intracellular canaliculus

A

In (active) parietal cells increase surface area for acid secretion

40
Q

Vitamin B12

A
  • Deficiency can lead to decreased RBC development (pernicious)
41
Q

Chief cells

A

Secrete pepsinogen and lipase, stains very dark because of rough ER

42
Q

Jejunum

A

Plenty of plicae circulares, visible to human eye, no submucosal glands

43
Q

Plicae circulares

A

Infolding of the submucosa that increases surface area further for absorption

44
Q

Liver portal area

A

Includes portal vein and hepatic artery (blood) and bile duct (bile, waste) also portal lymphatics

45
Q

Classic lobule

A

-Hexagonal centered around central vein, study endocrine function

46
Q

Portal lobule

A

Triangular centered around portal bile duct, study exocrine/waste removal function

47
Q

Liver acinus

A

Diamond centered around central axis, used to study metabolic function, pathological changes

48
Q

Pancreas

A

Mainly exocrine acini, separated into lobules by septa, in each lobule is a lighter stained islet of langerhans (endocrine function)

49
Q

Serous acini staining

A

Basal basophilic region with apical eosinophilic region (zymogens)

Medical Histology (19 decks)

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