Review II- 10/16/21 Flashcards
Elastic/ large artery
- Contains fee started elastic lamina in tunica media
- Reduce pulsatile flow
- Contain blood/nerve supply
Muscular/medium arteries
Contain diagnostic inner elastic lamina and external elastic lamina
-reduce pulsatile flow
Continuous capillary
Contains tight junctions, nothing is getting through
Continuous capillary locations
- Muscle
- Nervous system
- CTs
Fee started capillary location
- Endocrine glands
- Kidney glomerulus
- Liver
Discontinuous capillary locations
Anywhere with sinusoid
- liver
- lymph nodes
- Spleen
Pericytes
Contractile cells that sit on the within the basement lamina of capillary bed
Venules
Post capillary micro circulation, usually just epithelia, very leaky, important role in inflammation
Lymphedema
Swelling caused by blockage of the lymph, which drains interstitial fluid back to heart
Primary lymphoid organs
Thymus and Bone marrow
Secondary lymphoid organs (3)
- Lymph nodes (encapsulated)
- Spleen (encapsulated)
- Malt (epithelia)
MALT examples
- Tonsils (lingual/palatine and pharyngeal)
- Peyer’s patch
Pharyngeal tonsil epithelia
Ciliated Pseudostratified with goblet cells
Palatine/ lingual tonsil epithelia
SSNKE with crypts
Peyer’s patch location
Small intestine (specifically in the ileum)
Thymus
Starry sky appearance created by macrophages, with CT septa and capsule
Lymphoid nodules
Only in secondary tissue, clear nodules that contain B cells, germinal centers
Diffuse zone
Non-nodular area in the lymphoid tissues, where the T cells live
Splenic organization
From trabecular artery to central artery through the PALS to the marginal zone drain to cords, sinusoids, out the trabecular vein
Palatine tonsil
SSNKE with deep crypts, plenty of germinal centers
High endothelial venule
Post capillary venule that is in the paracortex, involved in the paracortical reaction that allows WBCs to enter the lymph nodes, differentiate, lymph node swelling
Lymph node circulation
Many afferent lymphatics, only one efferent lymphatic, works to slow lymph flow down, also have blood supply through one artery and one vein that branch into capillaries
Paracortical reaction
Follows activation of HEVs, paracortex enlarges due to T cell influx and proliferation
Open circulation of the spleen
Central artery drains directly into marginal zone, not in vessels anymore
Filtration slits
Made by discontinuous epithelia (Stave cells), influx of blood (positive pressure) and outflow through sinusoid (negative pressure) drives RBC movement through filtration slits
Stave cells
Helps create filtration slits in spleen, gives it Whiskey barrel appearance
Skin strata
Stratum Basale, Stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum corneum
Thick skin
Defined by the epidermis (palms and soles)
Cell types of stratum basale (4)
Stem cells, melanocytes, merkel cells, keratinocytes
Cells of strata spinosum (3)
- Keritonocytes
- Langerhans cells
- wandering lymphocytes
Melanocytes
- Neural crest derivative
- Lie superficial to BL (in stratum basale)
- Constant # between races (differ in activity)
- Synthesize tyrosinase (unique)
- Pigment (donation)
Eccrine gland
- Simple, coiled, tubular gland
- Thermoregulation, salt balance
- Does not store (small lumen)
- Ducts modify sweat, reabsorb sodium (darker)
- has myoepithelial cells
Apocrine gland
- Simple, coiled tubular gland
- Develops at puberty
- Large lumen (stored product)
- ducts do not modify
- Active during stress, sexual arousal
- Myoepithelial
Squamocolumnar junction
The junction between the the esophagus and stomach
Barrett’s esophagus
Metaplasia of esophagus, replacing SSNKE with simple columnar epithelia, caused by chronic GERD, if not treated can lead to esophageal cancer
Layers of GI tract
Epithelia, lamina propria, muscularis mucosae (all mucosa), submucosa, muscularis externae (inner circular, outer longitudinal), adventitia/serosa
Stomach glands
Mucosal glands, include parietal cells and zymogenic chief cells
Parietal cells
- Look like fried eggs (eosinophilic)
- Secrete HCL and intrinsic factor (important for Vitamin B12)
Intracellular canaliculus
In (active) parietal cells increase surface area for acid secretion
Vitamin B12
- Deficiency can lead to decreased RBC development (pernicious)
Chief cells
Secrete pepsinogen and lipase, stains very dark because of rough ER
Jejunum
Plenty of plicae circulares, visible to human eye, no submucosal glands
Plicae circulares
Infolding of the submucosa that increases surface area further for absorption
Liver portal area
Includes portal vein and hepatic artery (blood) and bile duct (bile, waste) also portal lymphatics
Classic lobule
-Hexagonal centered around central vein, study endocrine function
Portal lobule
Triangular centered around portal bile duct, study exocrine/waste removal function
Liver acinus
Diamond centered around central axis, used to study metabolic function, pathological changes
Pancreas
Mainly exocrine acini, separated into lobules by septa, in each lobule is a lighter stained islet of langerhans (endocrine function)
Serous acini staining
Basal basophilic region with apical eosinophilic region (zymogens)
