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Medical Histology > Epithelium-Leture 9/13/21 > Flashcards

Epithelium-Leture 9/13/21 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Epithelium

A

Form continuous sheet lining free surface

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2
Q

Characteristics of epithelial (3)

A
  • Polarized, free spiral surface and basal surface
  • Express keratin intermediate filaments
  • All avascular
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3
Q

Apical surface

A

Faces towards the lumen of the cell

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4
Q

Basal surface

A

Attached to basal lamina or basement membrane

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5
Q

Epithelial function (8)

A
  • Protection
  • Surface transport (cilia)
  • Absorption
  • Secretion
  • transepithelial transport
  • reproductive
  • Special sensory
  • Contraction
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6
Q

Epithelial cell types (6)

A

Simple squamous, simple cuboidal, simple columnar, stratified columnar, stratified squamous, pseudostratified, transitional

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7
Q

Simple squamous

A

One layer of thin cells flat irregular shape

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8
Q

Simple cuboidal

A

One layer of cubed epithelium

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9
Q

Simple columnar

A

One level of long, column like epithelium

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10
Q

Stratified columnar

A

Cells closest to the lumen have columnar shape, more than one layer

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11
Q

SSKE

A

Stratified squamous keratinizing epithelium, has dead protecting layer like skin

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12
Q

SSNKE

A

Stratified squamous non-karatinizing epithelium, cells go all the way to the lumen

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13
Q

Pseudostratified

A

Looks stratified, but all cells attach to basal lamina but don’t necessarily span the whole layer, typically have cilia

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14
Q

Transitional

A

Only found in urinary tract, umbrella cells large top layer (often bind cleave)

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15
Q

Characteristics of apical surface (4)

A
  • Microvilli
  • Glycocalyx
  • Cilia
  • Stereocilia
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16
Q

Characteristics of Basal Surface

A
  • Hemidesmosomes
    Basal lamina
    Basal invaginations
    Basal evaginations
17
Q

Characteristics of the Lateral surface

A
  • Zonula occludens
  • Zona adherins
  • Macula adherins (desmosomes)
  • Gap junctions
18
Q

Zonular junctional complexes

A

Unites epithelial cells and form apical barrier, includes zonula occludens and zonula adherins

19
Q

Zonula Occludens

A

Aka tight junctions, regulate apical border seal and create apical and basso lateral domains

20
Q

Proteins involved in tight junctions

A

Occludin, Claudin (transmembrane proteins)

Actin (anchors to cells)

21
Q

Zonula adherens

A

Also called Cadherins, Ca2+ dependent intercellular linkages continuous with the actin cytoskeleton, resists mechanical stress and sends signals

22
Q

Macula communicans

A

Gap junctions that form a channel for ions and other stuff to pass through

23
Q

Proteins of gap junctions

A

Cluster of 6 connexins form one connexon

24
Q

Structure of basal lamina

A

Mainly comprised of a chicken wire complex made of collagen type IV and laminitis connected by nidogen

25
Q

Reticulum lamina

A

Under basal lamina, made up of collagen type III

26
Q

Roles of basal lamina (5)

A
  • Physical support for epithelial
  • Roles in development, morphogenetic, and differentiation
  • Role in cell migration following injury
  • Filtration barrier
  • May be discontinuous
27
Q

Types of epithelial glands

A
  • Unicellular
  • Multicellular, simple (unbranched duct)
  • Multicellular, compound (branched duct)
28
Q

Exocrine glands

A

Maintain contract with surface epithelium, secretes into lumen

29
Q

Endocrine glands

A

Lose contact with surface epithelium, secrete to interstitial space

30
Q

Modes of secretion (3)

A
  • Merocrine
  • Apocrine
  • Holocrine
31
Q

Merocrine

A

Exocytosis, only the product is released

32
Q

Typical secretion from Merocrine glands

A
  • Zymogens
  • Sweat
  • Mucus
  • Lysozyme
33
Q

Apocrine

A

Aka decapitation secretion, a portion of the apical cytoplasm is released along with product

34
Q

Holocrine

A

The entire cell and its contents (sebum) become the secretory product, cell borders disappeared, nucleus degenerates, cytoplasmic droplets coalesce

35
Q

Serous glands

A
  • Watery secretion
  • Abundant RER
  • Round nucleus
  • Cells well stained
36
Q

Mucous glands

A
  • Thick secretion
  • Clear cytoplasm
  • Flat nucleus
  • Cells poorly stained
37
Q

Myoepithelial cells

A

Aka basket cells, contract in order to help expel secretory products

Medical Histology (19 decks)

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