Endocrine System

Question 1

Hypophysis

Answer 1

Another name for the pituitary gland

Question 2

Pars distalis

Answer 2

Body of anterior lobe

Question 3

Pars tuberalis

Answer 3

Neck of the anterior pituitary

Question 4

Pars intermedia

Answer 4

Close to the cystic cavities

Question 5

Sections of the anterior lobe of the pituitary

Answer 5

• Pars distalis
• pars intermedia
• Pars tuberalis

Question 6

Pars nervosa

Answer 6

Posterior lobe of the pituitary

Question 7

Parts of posterior pituitary

Answer 7

• Infundibulum

- Pars nervosa

Question 8

Cells of the pars distalis

Answer 8

• Chromophobe
• Basophils
• Acidophils

Question 9

Acidophiles ex (2)

Answer 9

• Samatotropes

- Lactotropes

Question 10

Basophils ex (3)

Answer 10

• Corticotropes (ACTH)
• Thyrotropes (TSH)
• Gonadotropes (FSH and LH)

Question 11

Folliculostellate cells

Answer 11

Dentdritic morphology devoid of granules, paracrine regulation and immune regulation

Question 12

Pars intermedia secretions (3)

Answer 12

• MSH (melanin stimulating hormone)
• B-endorphin
• ACTH

Question 13

Pituitary portal system

Answer 13

Runs from hypothalamus to anterior pituitary

Question 14

Posterior pituitary hormones (2)

Answer 14

ADH

Oxytocin

Question 15

herring bodies

Answer 15

Formed by pituicytes, storage for neurohormones

Question 16

Oxytocin function

Answer 16

• Smooth muscle contraction
• Myoepithelial cell contraction 9mammary)
• Emotional

Question 17

ADH (vasopressin) function

Answer 17

Increases permeability of collecting duct

Question 18

Pineal gland secretion

Answer 18

Melatonin

Question 19

Pineal gland cycles

Answer 19

Inhibited by light (norepinephrine) inhibited by dark

Question 20

Corpora arencea

Answer 20

Brain sand, large calcification in pineal gland

Question 21

Myeloconia

Answer 21

Brain dust, small calcification

Question 22

Islet hormones

Answer 22

-Insulin
-Glucagon
_Somatostatin
-Pancreatic polypeptide
-Ghrelin

Question 23

Alpha islet cell

Answer 23

secreted glucagon

Question 24

Beta islet cell

Answer 24

Insulin (inside)

Question 25

Thyroglobulin

Answer 25

Iodinated glycoprotein, comprises the major colloid components

Question 26

Thyroxine

Answer 26

T4, most abundant form in blood, less active

Question 27

Triiodothyronine

Answer 27

T3, less abundant, more active

Question 28

Resorption lacunae

Answer 28

Sign of an active thyroid, blank spots in the colloid

Question 29

Goiter

Answer 29

Hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the thyroid cells

Question 30

Graves’ disease

Answer 30

Autoantibodies against the TSH receptor, hyperthyroidism, goiter develops from hyperplasia

Question 31

Parafollicular, clear cells

Answer 31

Releases calcitonin

Question 32

Calcitonin

Answer 32

Stimulated by high Ca2+, lowers blood calcium levels by reducing Osteoclast activity, increasing Osteoblast activity, decreasing Ca2+ absorption

Question 33

Chief cells,

Answer 33

Secrete PTH

Question 34

PTH

Answer 34

Increases blood calcium, increases Osteoclast activity, stimulates Vitamin D activation

Question 35

Oxyphil cells

Answer 35

• appear at puberty

- unknown function

Question 36

Ectopic thyroid

Answer 36

Thyroid where its not supposed to be

Question 37

Three layers of adrenal gland

Answer 37

Zona Glomerulosa
Zona Fasciculata
Zona reticularis

Question 38

Zona glomerulosa

Answer 38

Most superficial layer, secretes mineralcorticoids (aldosterone)

Question 39

Zona Fasciculata

Answer 39

Middle layer, secretes glucocorticoids (cortisol)

Question 40

Zona reticularis

Answer 40

Deepest layer, secretes androgens, precursor for sex hormones

Question 41

Adrenal medulla

Answer 41

Neural crest derived, synthesize catecholamines (epinephrine or norepinephrine)

Question 42

Chromaffin cells

Answer 42

Neuroendocrine cells, modified axons, under parasympathetic control