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Medical Histology > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Hypophysis

A

Another name for the pituitary gland

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2
Q

Pars distalis

A

Body of anterior lobe

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3
Q

Pars tuberalis

A

Neck of the anterior pituitary

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4
Q

Pars intermedia

A

Close to the cystic cavities

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5
Q

Sections of the anterior lobe of the pituitary

A
  • Pars distalis
  • pars intermedia
  • Pars tuberalis
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6
Q

Pars nervosa

A

Posterior lobe of the pituitary

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7
Q

Parts of posterior pituitary

A
  • Infundibulum

- Pars nervosa

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8
Q

Cells of the pars distalis

A
  • Chromophobe
  • Basophils
  • Acidophils
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9
Q

Acidophiles ex (2)

A
  • Samatotropes

- Lactotropes

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10
Q

Basophils ex (3)

A
  • Corticotropes (ACTH)
  • Thyrotropes (TSH)
  • Gonadotropes (FSH and LH)
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11
Q

Folliculostellate cells

A

Dentdritic morphology devoid of granules, paracrine regulation and immune regulation

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12
Q

Pars intermedia secretions (3)

A
  • MSH (melanin stimulating hormone)
  • B-endorphin
  • ACTH
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13
Q

Pituitary portal system

A

Runs from hypothalamus to anterior pituitary

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14
Q

Posterior pituitary hormones (2)

A

ADH

Oxytocin

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15
Q

herring bodies

A

Formed by pituicytes, storage for neurohormones

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16
Q

Oxytocin function

A
  • Smooth muscle contraction
  • Myoepithelial cell contraction 9mammary)
  • Emotional
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17
Q

ADH (vasopressin) function

A

Increases permeability of collecting duct

18
Q

Pineal gland secretion

A

Melatonin

19
Q

Pineal gland cycles

A

Inhibited by light (norepinephrine) inhibited by dark

20
Q

Corpora arencea

A

Brain sand, large calcification in pineal gland

21
Q

Myeloconia

A

Brain dust, small calcification

22
Q

Islet hormones

A

-Insulin
-Glucagon
_Somatostatin
-Pancreatic polypeptide
-Ghrelin

23
Q

Alpha islet cell

A

secreted glucagon

24
Q

Beta islet cell

A

Insulin (inside)

25
Q

Thyroglobulin

A

Iodinated glycoprotein, comprises the major colloid components

26
Q

Thyroxine

A

T4, most abundant form in blood, less active

27
Q

Triiodothyronine

A

T3, less abundant, more active

28
Q

Resorption lacunae

A

Sign of an active thyroid, blank spots in the colloid

29
Q

Goiter

A

Hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the thyroid cells

30
Q

Graves’ disease

A

Autoantibodies against the TSH receptor, hyperthyroidism, goiter develops from hyperplasia

31
Q

Parafollicular, clear cells

A

Releases calcitonin

32
Q

Calcitonin

A

Stimulated by high Ca2+, lowers blood calcium levels by reducing Osteoclast activity, increasing Osteoblast activity, decreasing Ca2+ absorption

33
Q

Chief cells,

A

Secrete PTH

34
Q

PTH

A

Increases blood calcium, increases Osteoclast activity, stimulates Vitamin D activation

35
Q

Oxyphil cells

A
  • appear at puberty

- unknown function

36
Q

Ectopic thyroid

A

Thyroid where its not supposed to be

37
Q

Three layers of adrenal gland

A

Zona Glomerulosa
Zona Fasciculata
Zona reticularis

38
Q

Zona glomerulosa

A

Most superficial layer, secretes mineralcorticoids (aldosterone)

39
Q

Zona Fasciculata

A

Middle layer, secretes glucocorticoids (cortisol)

40
Q

Zona reticularis

A

Deepest layer, secretes androgens, precursor for sex hormones

41
Q

Adrenal medulla

A

Neural crest derived, synthesize catecholamines (epinephrine or norepinephrine)

42
Q

Chromaffin cells

A

Neuroendocrine cells, modified axons, under parasympathetic control

Medical Histology (19 decks)

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