Cardiovascular System- Lecture 9/28/21 Flashcards
Functions of the cardiovascular system (3)
Nutrient/metabolic transport
Protective
Homeostasis
Elements of nutrient metabolic function (4)
- Nutrient transport
- Gas exchange
- Waste removal
- hormone distribution
Elements of the protective function (2)
- Distribute immune cells
- Clotting mechanism
Elements of Homeostasis function (3)
- Body temp regulation
- pH regulation
- Pressure regulation
Components of the cardiovascular system (7)
- heart
- arteries
- capillaries
- venules
- medium veins
- large veins
- lymphatic
Tunica intima
Includes the endothelial cells and underlying CT (Inner elastic lamina sometimes)
Tunica media
Usually the thickest, includes smooth muscle and sometimes elastic fibers with occasional internal and external elastic lamina
Tunica adventitia
Connective tissue (sometimes own blood supply and nervous supply
Major differences between artery and vein
Veins have thin walls and are less circular
Elastic arteries
Large variation in size, large tunica media, reduce pulsitile flow, contain blood/nerve supple
Muscular arteries
Large variation in size, ALWAYS CONTAIN INTERNAL ELASTIC LAMINA, sometimes external elastic lamina when large
Small arteries
Usually 3-10 layers, inner elastic lamina in larger ones,
Arterioles
Usually less than 3 layers of muscular fibers with no elastic lamina, often with accompanying venules
Capillaries
Consist of endothelial cell and basal lamina
Continuous capillary distribution (3)
- nervous system
- muscle
- CTs
Fenestrated capillary locations (3)
- Endocrine glands
- Kidney
Discontinuous capillary locations (3)
- SPleen
- lymph nodes
- liver
Peri yes
-Lie within capillary basal lamina and regulate permeability, contractile, help control prolif (gap junctions)
Venules
Just an endothelial cell wall, very leaky (most lymph and white blood cells exit here)
-Histamine sensitive
Small/medium veins
-Endothelial cells with small T. Media with smooth muscle, thick T adventitia (valves in extremities)
Valve
Prevents flow of blood back in the wrong direction
Varicose veins
Valve failure causes the blood to flow backwards, leading to varicosities
Large vein
Huge tunica adventitia with lots of smooth muscle bundles, thin tunica media
Visceral pericardium
Also the epicardium, tunica adventitia
Myocardium
Tunica media of the heart
Endocardium
Tunica intima of the heart, purkinje fibers live in the subendocardial CT
Mesothelial cells
Form the epicardium (Parietal pleura)
Artherosclerosis
Focal thickening of the intima, forming a plaque, prone to induce clotting
Myocardial infarct
Fibrous connective tissue that replaces cardiac myocytes after ischemia
Elephantiasis
Defect in lymph circulation, leading to edema in a leg
Lymph circulation appearance
Like venules, but with no red blood cells
