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Medical Histology > Connective Tissue And Blood- Lecture 9/14/21 > Flashcards

Connective Tissue And Blood- Lecture 9/14/21 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Connective tissue function( 7)

A
  • Structural stability
  • mechanical properties
  • Environment for differentiation and residence
  • Facilitates exchange of metabolites
  • Energy storage
  • Heat production
  • Repair and restoration of tissue architecture
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2
Q

Connective tissue types (3)

A
  • Cells
  • Fibers
  • Ground substance
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3
Q

Indigenous cells

A

Arise within the CT

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4
Q

Immigrant cells

A

Originate from the hematopoietic stem cells in bone marrow

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5
Q

Examples of indigenous cells (5)

A
  • Mesenchymal cells
  • Fibroblasts
  • Adipocytes
  • Osteogenic cells and derivative
  • Chondrogenic cells
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6
Q

Examples of immigrant cells (4)

A

-Macrophages
Mast cells
Lymphocytes
Plasma cells

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7
Q

Mesenchymal cells

A

Multipotent stem cells that differentiate into myocytes adipocytes chondrocytes osteoblasts and neurons

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8
Q

Fibroblasts

A

Most common cells in CT, synthesize ECM components, cytoplasm and ECM stain similarly and can form myofibroblasts

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9
Q

Types of adipocytes

A

White and brown, white are unilocular and used for energy brown is multilocular and used for heat

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10
Q

Macrophages

A

Derived from blood monocytes that have migrated to connective tissues
Scavenge for debris
Lots of phagosomes

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11
Q

Mast cells

A

Derived from bone marrow precursors, central nucleus that is often overtaken by granules

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12
Q

Lymphocytes

A

Subsets of B and T cells, small dark nuclei with little cytoplasm

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13
Q

Plasma cells

A

Differentiated B-lymphocyte, synthesize antibody, found in loose CT. Clock face heterochromatin pattern

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14
Q

Scar tissue

A

Made of collagen one, low turnover, overgrowth is keloids

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15
Q

Type II collagen

A

Abundant in hyaline cartilage

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16
Q

Type III collagen

A

Branched, need silver stain located around stuff that needs structure

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17
Q

Fibrillin

A

Forms the scaffold that elastin forms around

18
Q

Elastin

A

Elastic protein that is linked by lysine linkages, can stretch

19
Q

Defect in marfan’s syndrome

A

Fibrillin-1 is mutated which sequesters TGF-B and provide support

20
Q

Cutis laxa

A

Disease in elastin that leads to loose skin

21
Q

Examples of ground substance

A

Proteoglycans, GAGs, glycoproteins

22
Q

Characteristics of ground substance (4)

A
  • Highly charges
  • Confers compressive resistance
  • Limited protein components (poor staining quality)
  • Permits nutrient/ gas exchange
23
Q

Connective tissue types (9)

A 
- Dense regular
Dense irregular
Loose
Elastic
Adipose
Reticular
Blood
Cartilage 
Bone
24
Q

Dense regular CT

A

Densely packed parallel fibers, found in tendons and ligaments

25
Q

Dense irregular

A

Irregular fibers with nuclei facing every which was

26
Q

Loose connective tissue

A

Lots of ground substance, things can easily move through it, often found in ducts

27
Q

Elastic tissue

A

Lots of elastin which can be specifically stained

28
Q

Adipose tissue

A

Brown or white, globules of fats

29
Q

Reticular tissue

A

Made up of collagen type II, supports channels in the liver lymph nodes and spleen, usually requires silver stain

30
Q

Composition of blood (3)

A

Cells
Plasma proteins
Plasma

31
Q

Functions of blood (3)

A
  • transport
  • protection
    Homeostasis
32
Q

Blood staining

A

Romanowsky staining

33
Q

Erythrocytes

A

Red blood cells, anuclear biconcave cells

34
Q

Granulocytes examples (3)

A

Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils

35
Q

Agranulocyte examples (2)

A

Lymphocytes

Monocytes

36
Q

Neutrophils

A

Possess multilobed nuclei, found in blood and CT, main function in defense is phagocytosis and trap bacterium by exocytosing enzymes and DNA

37
Q

Eosinophils

A

Bill Ed nucleus that phagocytose and secrete enzymes and proteins, really like eosin

38
Q

Basophils

A

Bill Ed nucleus, similar to mast cells but in blood the vast majority of the time

39
Q

Lymphocytes

A

High nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio

40
Q

Monocytes

A
  • Large indented nucleus
  • Pale stained cytoplasm
  • precursor for macrophages following extravasation into the tissues
41
Q

Platelets

A

Formed In the bone marrow as fragments, there in active amd active form

Medical Histology (19 decks)

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