Connective Tissue And Blood- Lecture 9/14/21 Flashcards
Connective tissue function( 7)
- Structural stability
- mechanical properties
- Environment for differentiation and residence
- Facilitates exchange of metabolites
- Energy storage
- Heat production
- Repair and restoration of tissue architecture
Connective tissue types (3)
- Cells
- Fibers
- Ground substance
Indigenous cells
Arise within the CT
Immigrant cells
Originate from the hematopoietic stem cells in bone marrow
Examples of indigenous cells (5)
- Mesenchymal cells
- Fibroblasts
- Adipocytes
- Osteogenic cells and derivative
- Chondrogenic cells
Examples of immigrant cells (4)
-Macrophages
Mast cells
Lymphocytes
Plasma cells
Mesenchymal cells
Multipotent stem cells that differentiate into myocytes adipocytes chondrocytes osteoblasts and neurons
Fibroblasts
Most common cells in CT, synthesize ECM components, cytoplasm and ECM stain similarly and can form myofibroblasts
Types of adipocytes
White and brown, white are unilocular and used for energy brown is multilocular and used for heat
Macrophages
Derived from blood monocytes that have migrated to connective tissues
Scavenge for debris
Lots of phagosomes
Mast cells
Derived from bone marrow precursors, central nucleus that is often overtaken by granules
Lymphocytes
Subsets of B and T cells, small dark nuclei with little cytoplasm
Plasma cells
Differentiated B-lymphocyte, synthesize antibody, found in loose CT. Clock face heterochromatin pattern
Scar tissue
Made of collagen one, low turnover, overgrowth is keloids
Type II collagen
Abundant in hyaline cartilage
Type III collagen
Branched, need silver stain located around stuff that needs structure
Fibrillin
Forms the scaffold that elastin forms around
Elastin
Elastic protein that is linked by lysine linkages, can stretch
Defect in marfan’s syndrome
Fibrillin-1 is mutated which sequesters TGF-B and provide support
Cutis laxa
Disease in elastin that leads to loose skin
Examples of ground substance
Proteoglycans, GAGs, glycoproteins
Characteristics of ground substance (4)
- Highly charges
- Confers compressive resistance
- Limited protein components (poor staining quality)
- Permits nutrient/ gas exchange
Connective tissue types (9)
- Dense regular Dense irregular Loose Elastic Adipose Reticular Blood Cartilage Bone
Dense regular CT
Densely packed parallel fibers, found in tendons and ligaments
Dense irregular
Irregular fibers with nuclei facing every which was
Loose connective tissue
Lots of ground substance, things can easily move through it, often found in ducts
Elastic tissue
Lots of elastin which can be specifically stained
Adipose tissue
Brown or white, globules of fats
Reticular tissue
Made up of collagen type II, supports channels in the liver lymph nodes and spleen, usually requires silver stain
Composition of blood (3)
Cells
Plasma proteins
Plasma
Functions of blood (3)
- transport
- protection
Homeostasis
Blood staining
Romanowsky staining
Erythrocytes
Red blood cells, anuclear biconcave cells
Granulocytes examples (3)
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Agranulocyte examples (2)
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
Neutrophils
Possess multilobed nuclei, found in blood and CT, main function in defense is phagocytosis and trap bacterium by exocytosing enzymes and DNA
Eosinophils
Bill Ed nucleus that phagocytose and secrete enzymes and proteins, really like eosin
Basophils
Bill Ed nucleus, similar to mast cells but in blood the vast majority of the time
Lymphocytes
High nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio
Monocytes
- Large indented nucleus
- Pale stained cytoplasm
- precursor for macrophages following extravasation into the tissues
Platelets
Formed In the bone marrow as fragments, there in active amd active form
