Reverse Definitions

Question 1

An evaluation of a person, object or odea

Answer 1

Attitude

Question 2

And attitude based primarily on peoples emotions and feelings about the attitude object

Answer 2

Affectively based attitude

Question 3

Attitude based primarily on a persons beliefs about the properties of an attitude object

Answer 3

Cognitively based attitude

Question 4

And attitude based primarily on observations of how one behaves towards an attitude object

Answer 4

Behaviorally-based attitude

Question 5

Attitudes that be consciously endorse and can easily report

Answer 5

Explicit attitudes

Question 6

Attitudes that are involuntary uncontrollable and at times unconscious

Answer 6

Implicit Attitudes

Question 7

A theory that the best predictors of a person’s planned deliberate behaviours are the person’s attitude toward specific behaviours subjective norms and perceived behavioural control

Answer 7

Theory of planned behaviour

Question 8

Communication advocating a particular side of an issue.

example a speech or television advertisement.

Answer 8

Persuasive communication

Question 9

The study of the conditions under which people are more likely to change their attitudes in response to persuasive messages researchers in this tradition focus on “who said what to whom” That is on the source of the communication the nature of the communication and the nature of the audience

Answer 9

Yale attitude change approach

Question 10

The theory that there are two ways in which persuasive communication’s can cause attitude change people either process the merits of the arguments known as systematic process and where are swayed by factors that are preferable to the message. Such as experts are always right known as heuristic processing

Answer 10

Heiristic systematic model of persuasion

Question 11

The theory that there are two ways in which persuasive communication’s can cause added to change the central route occurs when people are motivated and have the ability to pay attention to the arguments in the communication and the peripheral road which occurs when people do not pay attention to the arguments but are instead swayed by surface characteristics such as who gave the speech

Answer 11

Elaboration likelihood model

Question 12

A persuasive message that attempts to change peoples attitudes by arousing their fears

Answer 12

Fear arousing communication

Question 13

Words or pictures that are not consciously perceived that supposedly influence people’s judgements attitudes and behaviours

Answer 13

Subliminal messages

Question 14

The process of making people immune to attempts to change their attitudes by exposing them to small doses of the arguments against their position

Answer 14

Attitude inoculation

Question 15

A feeling of discomfort caused by the realization that one’s behaviour is inconsistent with one’s attitude or that one holds two conflicting attitudes

Answer 15

Cognitive dissonance

Question 16

Dissonance that is inevitably aroused after person makes a decision such dissonance is typically produced by enhancing the attractiveness of the chosen alternative and deevaluating the rejected alternatives

Answer 16

Post decisions dissonance

Question 17

The tendency for individuals to increase their liking of something they have worked hard to attain

Answer 17

Justification of effort

Question 18

A person’s reason or explanation for dissonant behaviour that resides outside the individual (example to receive a large award or avoid a severe punishment)

Answer 18

External justification

Question 19

The reduction of dissonance by changing something about oneself (example one’s attitude or behaviour)

Answer 19

Internal justification

Question 20

The process that occurs when a person states an opinion or attitude that runs counter to his or her private believe or attitude

Answer 20

Counter attitudinal advocacy

Question 21

The dissonance aroused when individuals lack sufficient external justification for having resisted the desired activity or object usually resulting in individuals devaluing the forbidden activity or object

Answer 21

Insufficient punishment

Question 22

Potential for dissonance reduction to produce a succession of self justifications that ultimately result in a chain of stupid or immoral actions

Answer 22

Rationalization trap

Question 23

a theory suggesting that people will reduce the impact of a dissonance arousing threat to their self-concept by focussing on and affirming their competence on some dimension unrelated to the threat

Answer 23

Self affirmation theory

Question 24

A hostile or negative attitude towards people in a distinguishable group based solely on their membership in that group

Answer 24

Prejudice

Question 25

A generalization about a group of people in which identical characteristics are assigned to virtually all members of the group regardless of actual variation among the members

Answer 25

Stereotypes

Question 26

Unjustified negative or harmful actions toward a member of a group simply because of his or her membership in that group

Answer 26

Discrimination

Question 27

The tendency to evaluate in the group members more positively than outside group members

Answer 27

In group bias

Question 28

A persons beliefs regarding the stereotype that out group members hold about their own group

Answer 28

Meta-stereotype

Question 29

Our tendency to make dispositional attribution about an entire group of people

Answer 29

Ultimate attribution error

Question 30

The theory that limited resources lead to conflict among groups and result in increased prejudice and discrimination

Answer 30

Realistic conflict theory

Question 31

A situation in which two or more groups need each other and must depend on each other to accomplish a goal that is important to both groups

Answer 31

Mutual interdependence

Question 32

A motivated tendency to see the status quo (the way things are) as the most desirable state of affairs (the way things should be)

Answer 32

Injunctification

Question 33

The apprehension experienced by members of a minority group that they might behave in a matter that confirms an existing cultural stereotype

Answer 33

Stereotype threat

Question 34

A classroom setting designed to reduce prejudice between children by placing them in small desegregated groups and making each child dependent on the other children in the group to learn the course material and do well in the class

Answer 34

Jigsaw classroom

Question 35

A mere knowledge that a member of one’s own group has a close relationship with a member of another group can reduce ones prejudiced toward that group

Answer 35

Extended contact hypothesis