Reverse Definitions Flashcards
An evaluation of a person, object or odea
Attitude
And attitude based primarily on peoples emotions and feelings about the attitude object
Affectively based attitude
Attitude based primarily on a persons beliefs about the properties of an attitude object
Cognitively based attitude
And attitude based primarily on observations of how one behaves towards an attitude object
Behaviorally-based attitude
Attitudes that be consciously endorse and can easily report
Explicit attitudes
Attitudes that are involuntary uncontrollable and at times unconscious
Implicit Attitudes
A theory that the best predictors of a person’s planned deliberate behaviours are the person’s attitude toward specific behaviours subjective norms and perceived behavioural control
Theory of planned behaviour
Communication advocating a particular side of an issue.
example a speech or television advertisement.
Persuasive communication
The study of the conditions under which people are more likely to change their attitudes in response to persuasive messages researchers in this tradition focus on “who said what to whom” That is on the source of the communication the nature of the communication and the nature of the audience
Yale attitude change approach
The theory that there are two ways in which persuasive communication’s can cause attitude change people either process the merits of the arguments known as systematic process and where are swayed by factors that are preferable to the message. Such as experts are always right known as heuristic processing
Heiristic systematic model of persuasion
The theory that there are two ways in which persuasive communication’s can cause added to change the central route occurs when people are motivated and have the ability to pay attention to the arguments in the communication and the peripheral road which occurs when people do not pay attention to the arguments but are instead swayed by surface characteristics such as who gave the speech
Elaboration likelihood model
A persuasive message that attempts to change peoples attitudes by arousing their fears
Fear arousing communication
Words or pictures that are not consciously perceived that supposedly influence people’s judgements attitudes and behaviours
Subliminal messages
The process of making people immune to attempts to change their attitudes by exposing them to small doses of the arguments against their position
Attitude inoculation
A feeling of discomfort caused by the realization that one’s behaviour is inconsistent with one’s attitude or that one holds two conflicting attitudes
Cognitive dissonance
Dissonance that is inevitably aroused after person makes a decision such dissonance is typically produced by enhancing the attractiveness of the chosen alternative and deevaluating the rejected alternatives
Post decisions dissonance
The tendency for individuals to increase their liking of something they have worked hard to attain
Justification of effort
A person’s reason or explanation for dissonant behaviour that resides outside the individual (example to receive a large award or avoid a severe punishment)
External justification
The reduction of dissonance by changing something about oneself (example one’s attitude or behaviour)
Internal justification
The process that occurs when a person states an opinion or attitude that runs counter to his or her private believe or attitude
Counter attitudinal advocacy
The dissonance aroused when individuals lack sufficient external justification for having resisted the desired activity or object usually resulting in individuals devaluing the forbidden activity or object
Insufficient punishment
Potential for dissonance reduction to produce a succession of self justifications that ultimately result in a chain of stupid or immoral actions
Rationalization trap
a theory suggesting that people will reduce the impact of a dissonance arousing threat to their self-concept by focussing on and affirming their competence on some dimension unrelated to the threat
Self affirmation theory
A hostile or negative attitude towards people in a distinguishable group based solely on their membership in that group
Prejudice
A generalization about a group of people in which identical characteristics are assigned to virtually all members of the group regardless of actual variation among the members
Stereotypes
Unjustified negative or harmful actions toward a member of a group simply because of his or her membership in that group
Discrimination
The tendency to evaluate in the group members more positively than outside group members
In group bias
A persons beliefs regarding the stereotype that out group members hold about their own group
Meta-stereotype
Our tendency to make dispositional attribution about an entire group of people
Ultimate attribution error
The theory that limited resources lead to conflict among groups and result in increased prejudice and discrimination
Realistic conflict theory
A situation in which two or more groups need each other and must depend on each other to accomplish a goal that is important to both groups
Mutual interdependence
A motivated tendency to see the status quo (the way things are) as the most desirable state of affairs (the way things should be)
Injunctification
The apprehension experienced by members of a minority group that they might behave in a matter that confirms an existing cultural stereotype
Stereotype threat
A classroom setting designed to reduce prejudice between children by placing them in small desegregated groups and making each child dependent on the other children in the group to learn the course material and do well in the class
Jigsaw classroom
A mere knowledge that a member of one’s own group has a close relationship with a member of another group can reduce ones prejudiced toward that group
Extended contact hypothesis
