4. Social Perception Textbook Flashcards
Can nonhumans have non-verbal communication
People are remarkably accurate at identifying accounts emotions. Dogs can read both dog and human nonverbal
Study performed two different tasks smelling obnoxious gross odours and watching a film of actor and clean his face with a disgusted look
FMRI feeling disgusted oneself from smelling something gross and observing someone’s facial expression I have discussed activated same region of brain
Sex differences in faces
Participants faster at decoding angry expressions on male faces and happy expressions on female faces
How universal is this really
Only 14% of Japanese participants generated fear related words for fear expression almost no one identified contempt
Study can basic facial expressions be identified regardless of the context there presented in
If a happy face comes before neutral the neutral face is seen as sad. if a sad face comes before neutral the neutral face is seen as happy Angry seen as sad when first exposed to disgust face. This is because looking at different faces influence what part of the face people fixate on examples are eyes vs mouth.
Japan v America cartoon faces
Facial expressions of the group members faces had little effect on Americans reading of the central figure if figure was smiling he received a happy rating. Facial expression of group members had a significant effect on the Japanese participants reading of the central figure a broad smile was interpreted I was very happy if the group members were also :-) the same smile was seen as less happy of group members were sad
Cultural dif in facial expressions
Indians don’t have distinct faces for fear and anger. Japan women not allowed to smile big. Japan problem cover negative emotions with smile and laughter and display fewer face expressions then westerners
Implicit personality theory’s gone wrong
People assume that shy people are also unintelligent due to schemas. People assume that if the person didn’t dress provocatively or wasn’t from a large city that a condom wasn’t necessary because they could not possibly be HIV positive
Why do you attributions made by actors and observers diverge so sharply
1) Perceptual salience when the actor and the observer think about what caused a given behaviour they are swayed by the information that is most salient and noticeable to them the actor for the observer and the situation for the actor
2) Information availability. Actors have more information about them selves than observers do actors know how they behaved over the years. They are more aware of similarities and differences in their behaviour across time and across situations
Culture and the self-serving bias
Strongest in United States and some western countries prevalent in Africa east Europe and Russia but low in some Asian companies and absence in Japan this Pacific Islands and India. Chinese students are expected to attribute their success to other people such as teachers or parents or two aspects of the situation such as the high quality of their school. They attribute failure to internal causes
Study asked students to write about their current university courses and activities or group two about an essay about their plans after graduation. Saw video of Sarah who got a STI. Either seen the condom broke or she did not use a condom
Even when Sarah was pretrade as a victim the students who earlier had been asked to focus on the long-term goals and plans or more likely to blame Sarah for contracting the disease presumably these participants most needed to be Richard that their long-term investments would be rewarded accordingly to principles of fairness and justice by blaming Sarah for her feet they were able to maintain this belief
