Definitions

Question 1

Social perception

Answer 1

The study of how we form impressions of other people and make inferences about them

Question 2

Nonverbal communication

Answer 2

The way in which people communicate intentionally or unintentionally without words nonverbal cues include facial expressions tone of voice jesters body position and movement to use a touch and Eye gaze

Question 3

Encode

Answer 3

To express or emit nonverbal behaviour such as smiling or patting someone on the back

Question 4

Decode

Answer 4

Do you interpret the meaning of the nonverbal behaviour other people express such as deciding that a pat on the back was an expression of consideration and not kindness

Question 5

Affect blend

Answer 5

A facial expression in which one part of the face registers one emotion well another part of the face for registers a different emotion

Question 6

Display rules

Answer 6

Culturally determined rules about which emotional expressions are appropriate to show

Question 7

Emblems

Answer 7

Nonverbal gestures that have well understood definitions within a given culture they usually have direct verbal translation such as the OK sign

Question 8

Implicit personality theory

Answer 8

A type of schema people used to group various kinds of personality traits together for example many people believe that if someone is kind she is generous as well

Question 9

Attribution theory

Answer 9

A description of the way in which people explain the causes of their own and other people’s behaviour

Question 10

Internal attribution

Answer 10

The inference that a person is behaving in a certain way because of something about him or her such as his or her attitude and character or personality

Question 11

External attribution

Answer 11

The inference that a person is behaving a certain way because of something about the situation they are in, the assumption is that most people would respond the same way in that situation

Question 12

Consensus information

Answer 12

Information about the extent to which other people behave the same way as the actor does towards the same stimulus

Question 13

Distinctiveness information

Answer 13

Information about the extent to which one particular actor behaves in the same way to different stimuli

Question 14

Consistency information

Answer 14

Information about the extent to which the behaviour between one actor and one stimulus is the same across time and circumstance

Question 15

Correspondence bias

Answer 15

The tendency to infer that people’s behaviour corresponds to or matches their disposition (personality)

Question 16

Perceptual Salience

Answer 16

Information that is the focus of peoples attention people tend to overestimate the causal role of perceptually salient information

Question 17

Two-step process of attribution

Answer 17

Analyzing another person’s behaviour first by making an automatic internal attribution and only then thinking about possible situational reasons for the behaviour after which one may adjust the original internal attribution

Question 18

Actor or observer difference

Answer 18

The tendency to see other people’s behaviour as dispositionaly caused while focussing more on the role of situational factors when explaining ones own behaviour

Question 19

Self-serving attributions

Answer 19

Explanations for one success that credit internal dispositional factors and explanations for ones failures that blame external situational factors

Question 20

Defensive attributions

Answer 20

Explanations for behaviour that avoid feelings of honour ability and morality

Question 21

Believe in a just world

Answer 21

A form of defence of attribution where in people assume that bad things happen to bad people and that good things happen to good people

Question 22

Self-concept

Answer 22

The contents of the self that is our knowledge about who we are

Question 23

Self awareness

Answer 23

The act of thinking about ourselves

Question 24

Self schemas

Answer 24

An organized body of knowledge about the self (example: attitudes, preference, traits) that influence what people notice, think about, and remember about themselves

Question 25

Self reference effect

Answer 25

The tendency for people to remember information better if they related to themselves

Question 26

Independent view of the self

Answer 26

Defining one’s self in terms of one’s own internal thoughts feelings and actions and not in terms of the thoughts feelings and actions of other people

Question 27

Interdependent of the self

Answer 27

Defining oneself in terms of one’s relationship to other people recognizing that one’s behaviour is often determined by the thoughts feelings and actions of others

Question 28

Introspection

Answer 28

The process whereby people look in word and examine their own thoughts feelings and motives

Question 29

Self-awareness theory

Answer 29

The idea that when people focussed attention on themselves, they evaluate and compare the behaviour with their internal standards and values

Question 30

Causal theories

Answer 30

Theories about the cause of one’s own feelings and behaviours typically we learned such theories from our culture example: absence makes the heart grow fonder

Question 31

Self perception theory

Answer 31

The theory that when our attitudes and feelings are uncertain or ambiguous we infer these states by observing our behaviour in this situation in which it occurs

Question 32

Intrinsic motivation

Answer 32

The desire to engage in an activity because we enjoy it or find it interesting not because of external rewards or pressure

Question 33

Extrinsic motivation

Answer 33

The desire to engage in an activity because of external rewards or pressures not because we enjoy the task or find it interesting

Question 34

Over justification affect

Answer 34

The case whereby people view your behaviours as caused by compelling extrinsic reasons making them under estimate the extent to which their behaviour was caused by intrinsic reasons

Question 35

Task contingent rewards

Answer 35

Rewards that are given for performing a task regardless of how well the task is done

Question 36

Performance contingent rewards

Answer 36

Rewards that are based on how well they perform a task

Question 37

Looking glass self

Answer 37

The idea that we see ourselves through the eyes of other people and incorporate their views into our self-concept

Question 38

Social comparison theory theory

Answer 38

The idea that we learn about our own abilities and attitudes by comparing ourselves with other people

Question 39

Downward social comparison

Answer 39

The process whereby we compare selves with people who are worse than we are in a particular trait or ability

Question 40

Upward social comparison

Answer 40

The process whereby we compare selves with people who are better than we are in a particular trait or ability

Question 41

Self discrepancy theory

Answer 41

The theory that we become distressed when our sense of who we are actual song is this discrepant from our personal standards or desired self conceptions

Question 42

Self enhancement

Answer 42

And realistically positive view of One self

Question 43

Self verification theory

Answer 43

Siri suggesting that people have a need to seek confirmation of their self-concept whether the self-concept is positive or negative in some circumstances this tendency in conflict with the desire to uphold a favourable view of oneself