5. Self Flashcards
What is my self-concept? How can you test it?
Made up of 3 things
- Self knowedgge
- Self esteem
- Social Self (ex. social roles like mom, sister, daugher, teacher, etc.)
- forms at 18months to 2years. This is true for all kids except for twins
- its very concrete at the start (I’m jacob I have brown hair and like to play hockey) as •we age it gets more complication and conmplex.
- red dot test. Put person to sleep and puts a red dot on them and puts in front of mirror, if they try to get rid of it they they have a sence of self
- humans seem to be uniquley expressing this
Self-Schemas
The elements of the self-concept that define who you think you are
–Your self-schemas shape how you see the world
•Example: Twin schematic!
•Some schemas are stable, but some change with social context
• define who you think you are and help shape how you see the world
Self-regulation
- Serves an executive function, regulating people’s behavior, choices and plans for the future
- Exerting control over ourselves: Deciding which goals to pursue, whether to pursue them now or later, trying to control our thoughts, moods or behaviour, etc.
Marshmello study
- bring kids into lab and sit them infront of a marshmell and you can either ‘eat this now or wait 10min and you get double the marshmello’. Then watch how good the kids is at self regulation (some good like sit on hands and look away). OTher kids are not good (oick uo the marshmelo and sniff it, lick it, stare longingly at it). Self regulation at young as 6 pridicts later life outcomes such as in later school.
- kinds from higher socioeconimic backgrounds tend to be better at self regulations (maybe this had to do with the avalibailty of respurces in the enviornment.
- Really little kids have almost no self regulaton (if they don’t have a fully formed self concept they won’t be able to self regulate)
Study:
- have hungry participants come into lab (tell them don’t have lunch before they come in and itd be lunch time)
- then theyd have to sit in front of raddishs and cookies for 5 min.
- Condition 1 ‘don’t eat the cookies’
- Condition 2 ‘don’t eat the radishes’. (apparently the lab just smeeled by cookies and baking cause the RAs were baking in the halls)
- control no food at all
- 2nd part they’re asked to solve unsolvable puzzles. -How long did the participants spend working on the puzzle.
The people told to not eat cookies (have done self regulation) spent 8min. The people told not to eat the radishes spendt 20min on the task. Therefore spending more time on self regulation took up more energy so they ended up spending less time on the puzzle.
What 4 aspects of non-verbal self-presentation does Patricia Ryan describe?
1)Eye contact (useful for asserting oneself)
2)Weather or not the body is maintained in a sustained way or if its in a jerky way (it effects speach and makes it harder to maintain sentances with jerky movements)
3)remains clam
4)steady breathing
high status behaviour (calm eye contact vs. low status of avoid eye contact and jerky)
Can also change other peoples status
What is strategic self-presentation?
how to pressent yourself to others so they see us how we want to be seen
People respond to the cues we put out and adjust their responces to reflect this which make a closed circuit. That’s why depressed people think and think they’re confirmed as depressed, vs. outgoing people are played off of as outcgoing with inforces that responce in them
According to Hazel Markus, what is culture?
- socially based, a way of define who we are
- culture is what you do. If they connect with american ways of thinking and doing things, then they become american.
- The common ideas and ways of doing things.
- culture is necessary in order to have a sence of self. ITs something we do and enact.
Introspection
process whereby people look inward and examine their own thoughts, feelings, and motives.
People do not rely on introspection as often as one would think.
When people do use introspection, the reasons for their feelings and behaviours can be hidden from conscious awareness.
self-awareness theory
proposes that when people focus their attention on themselves, they evaluate and compare their behaviour to their internal standards and values.
Actual Self
your self-concept, what you think you are actually like
Ideal Self
the kind of person you wish and aspire to be, your hopes, goals and desires for yourself
- decrpencey between ideal and actuak sled you feel sad and disipointment. You feel bad that your not living up to your ideal.
- when ideal self is primed promotion goals are active. -Your trying to achive something.
- “how do you want to do on the test? Oh I want to get an A+”
- Promotion Goals: goals to achieve positive outcomes, seek reward
Ought Self:
the kind of person you feel you should and ought to be, your sense of duties, obligations and responsibilities
- Prevention Goals: goals to avoid negative outcomes, escape punishment
- When ought self is primed we have prevention goals, to escape negative outcomes or punishment. “how do you want to do on the test? Oh I don’t want to fail”
- Descepency betwwen ideal and ought causes anxiery and guilt.
- People with lots of self esteem have lots of promotional goals whereas low self esteem is lots of prevention goal (maybe double check that this isn’t reversed!)
What if you have discrepancies in your selves but you don’t really care about them?
People also differ in how often and how much they think about self-discrepancies
–The more these discrepancies are on your mind, the more they affect you
Study:
–Ps reported attributes of their ideal and ought selves, were classified as having a discrepancy
–Rated how much they had each attribute and how much they wanted or ought to have it – classified accessibility based on how fast they did this
•DV: Reported mood during the last week
If desrepency was highly acceceble you get agitation and dejection
Accesacilty matters, its not just the magnitive of the descrepency that matters
If discrepancy was highly accessible, high correlation between:
•Actual/ideal discrepancy and dejection
•Actual/ought discrepancy and agitation
•No relation for Ps whose discrepancies were not as accessible
