Definitions Reverse Flashcards
The way in which people percieve comprehend and interpert the social world
Construal
School of Psychology stressing the importance of studying the subjective way in which an object appears in people minds rather than the objective physical atributes of the object
Gestalt Psychology
Going ‘oh I know that all along’
Hindsight Bias
The method where researchers attempt to understand a group or culture by observing ut from inside without imposing any preconceived notions they might have
Ethnography
The scientific study of the way that peoples thoughts, feelings and behaviours are influenced by the real or imagined presence of other people
Social Psychology
An organized set of principles that can be used to explain an observed phenomenon
Theory
A testable statment or idea about the relationship between two or more variables
Hypothesis
The percice specification about how variables are measured or manipulated
Operational Definition
A form of observational: researcher examines accumulated documents or archives of a culture
-diaries, pots, novels, magazines
Archival Analysis
They measure 2 or more perceive to interpret the relation between them (how much can one predict the other)
Correlational Method
A way of ensuring that a sample of people is representitive of a population by giving everyone an equal change of being selected for the sample
Random Selection
The method where the researcher randomly assigns participants to a different condition and ensures these conditions are identical except for the independent variable (the one thought to have a causal effect on peoples responses)
Experimental Method
Ensuring that nothing other than the independent variable can affect the dependent variable; this is accomplished by controlling all of the extraneous variables and by randomly assigning participants to conditions
Internal Validity
The extent to which the results of a study can be generalized to other situations and to other people
External Validity
the extent to which an experiment is similar to real-life situation
Mundane Realism
the extent to which the psychological processes triggered in an experiment are similar to psychological realism that occur interprets life. This can be high in an experiment even when mundane realism is low
Psychological Realism:
a statistical technique that averages the results of 2 or more studies to see if the effect of an independent variable is reliable
Meta Analysis
Experiments conducted in natural settings rather experiment are in the lab
Field Experiment
Studies that are designed to find the best answer as to why people behave the way that they do and that are conducted purely for intellectual curiosity
Basic Research
Studies designed to solve a particular social problem building a theory of behaviour is usually secondary to observing the specific problem
Applied Research
Thinking that is researchers, unintentional, involuntary and effortless
Automatic Thinking
mental structures people use to organize their knowledge about the social world around themes or subjects and that influence the information people notice think about and remember.
Schemas
The extent to which schemas and concepts are at the forefront of peoples minds and are therefore likely to be used when making judgements about the social world
Accessibility
the process by which recent experiences increase the accessibility of a schema, trait or concept
Priming
The case wherby people have an expectation about what another person is like, which influences how they act toward that person, which in turn causes that person to behave consistently with their original expectation
Self-Fufilling prophecy
Mental shortcuts people use to make judgments quickly and effectively
Judgement Heuristics
A mental shortcut in which a person base a judgment on the wase with which they can bring something to mind
Availability Heuristics
A mental Shortcut whereby people classify something according to how similar it is to the typical case
Representative Heuristics
Information about the frequency of members of different categories in the population
Base Rate Information
Thinking that is conscious intentional voluntary and effortful
Controlled Thinking
Mentally changing some aspect of the past as a way of imagining what might have been
Counterfactual Thinking
The attempt to avoid thinking about something a person would prefer to forget
Thought Suppression
The barrier that results when people have too much confidence in the accuracy of their judgements, peoples judgements are usually not as correct as they think they are.
Overconfidence Barrier
A type of thinking in which people focus on the properties of objects without considering their surrounding context, this type of thinking is common in Western cultures
Analytic Thinking Style
A type of thinking in which people focus on the overall context, particularly the ways in which objects relate to one another, this type of thinking is common in East Asia cultures
Holistic Thinking Style
