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Medicine Year 1 Semester 1 > Responses to Cell & Tissue Injury > Flashcards

Responses to Cell & Tissue Injury Flashcards

1
Q

Induction of Apoptosis

A

Physiological
Pathological

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2
Q

Induction of Necrosis

A

Pathological

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3
Q

Extent of Apoptosis

A

Affects single cells

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4
Q

Extent of Necrosis

A

Affects cell groups

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5
Q

Biochemical events in Apoptosis

A

Energy dependent, fragmentation of DNA

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6
Q

Biochemical events in Necrosis

A

Abnormal ion homeostasis

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7
Q

Cell membrane integrity state in Apoptosis

A

Maintained

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8
Q

Cell membrane integrity state in Necrosis

A

Lost

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9
Q

Morphology of Apoptosis

A

Cell shrinkage and fragmentation

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10
Q

Morphology of Necrosis

A

Cell swelling and lysis

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11
Q

Inflammatory response in Apoptosis

A

None

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12
Q

Inflammatory response in Necrosis

A

Usual

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13
Q

Fate of dead cells in Apoptosis

A

Phagocytosed by neighbouring cells

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14
Q

Fate of dead cells in Necrosis

A

Phagocytosed by inflammatory cells

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15
Q

Causes of cell death

A

Sublethal injury
Hydrophobic change
Lethal injury
Normal cell death - discrete

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16
Q

Causes of reduced apoptosis

A

Neoplasia
Autoimmune disease
Virus infection

17
Q

Causes of increased apoptosis

A

Neurodegenerative disorders
HIV infection of T lymphocytes

18
Q

Coagulative necrosis

A

Most common type
Initially firm then soft

19
Q

Colliquative necrosis

A

Liquefaction with formation of cystic spaces

20
Q

Caseous necrosis

A

Characteristic of TB

21
Q

Gangernous necrosis

A

Gangrene

22
Q

Fibrinoid necrosis

A

The death of cells in small blood vessels.
Associated with severe, accelerated hypertension.

23
Q

After injury what 3 categories can cells be divided into ?

A

Labile
Stable
Permanent

24
Q

Which 2 cell types can be replaced once lost ?

A

Labile and Stable

25
Q

Labile

A

Blood, Skin, Gut

26
Q

Stable

A

Liver, Kidney

27
Q

Permanent

A

Neurones, Skeletal muscle

28
Q

Stages in skin repair by 2nd intention

A

Loss of tissue
Granulation tissue
Organisation
Early fibrous scar
Scar contraction

29
Q

Stages in skin repair by 1st intention

A

Incision
Weak fibrin join
Strong collagen join

30
Q

What is granulation tissue ?

A

A repair phenomenon
Loops of capillaries supported by my-fibroblasts
Inflammatory cells may be present
Actively contracts to reduce wound size

31
Q

What is found in granulation tissue ?

A

Loops of capillaries
Myofibroblasts
Collagen
Inflammatory cells

32
Q

What happens when there is damage to the liver ?

A

Necrosis
Regeneration
Fibrous scarring
Architectural disruption

Medicine Year 1 Semester 1 (37 decks)

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