Introduction To Medical Imaging Flashcards

1
Q

Radiology

A

Branch of medicine concerned with use of radiant energy/ radioactive material in the diagnosis and treatment of disease.

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2
Q

Radiologist

A

Trained to interpret diagnostic images and perform some specialist tests

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3
Q

Radiographer

A

Trained to take/ perform X-ray, CT, MRI etc.

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4
Q

Sonographer

A

Trained to perform ultrasounds

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5
Q

Angioplasty

A

Insertion of a balloon into a vein/artery to widen it and improve circulation.

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6
Q

Stenting

A

Insertion of a tube to keep an artery or vein open

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7
Q

Biopsies

A

Lung, breast, renal, liver, bone etc.

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8
Q

Clinical Oncologist

A

Specialised physician who uses radiation in the treatment of cancer.

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9
Q

Order of e/m spectrum from lowest to highest frequency

A

R, M, I, V, U, X, G

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10
Q

X-ray

A

A form of e/m radiation which is able to pass through the human body and produce an image of internal structures.

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11
Q

Radiograph

A

X-ray / plain film

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12
Q

How is bone represented on an X-ray ?

A

Greyish, White colour

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13
Q

How is air represented on an X-ray ?

A

Black

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14
Q

Order of colours on an X-ray from darker to lighter

A

Air
Fat
Soft tissues / water
Bone
Contrast material / metal

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15
Q

Mammography

A

Uses a low-dose X-ray system
Designed for creating detailed images of the breast
Used as screening to detect early breast cancer without signs/symptoms or diagnose breast disease with symptoms

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16
Q

Fluoroscopy

A

Shows a continuous x-ray image on a monitor, used where real time examination is required.
e.g. positioning of implants during surgery
e.g. viewing the movement of contrast agents like barium
e.g. studying movement of body parts

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17
Q

Angiography

A

Used in the examination of the arteries/veins.
Angiograms usually carried out by IR.

Contrast agent injected to make blood vessels visible on the X-ray image.

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18
Q

CT scan

A

Computed Tomography

19
Q

Uses of CT scan

A

Produces images of single tissue planes.
Provides cross-sectional imaging/slices of anatomy

20
Q

Advantages of CT scan (3)

A

Fast
Readily Available
Good imaging of bony structures, abdomen and lungs

21
Q

Disadvantages of CT scan (3)

A

High radiation Dose
Not so good at imaging soft tissue (brain, spinal cord, muscles)
High Resource use (staffing, time, space)

22
Q

Scintigraphy Nuclear Medicine

A

Use of gamma radiation to form images following the injection of various radiopharmaceuticals

23
Q

Metastable

A

Where the technetium actor has 2 basic energy states : high and low

24
Q

Advantages of Scintigraphy

A

High Sensitivity
Provides functional information

25
Q

PET scan

A

Coloured
Combination of CT and scintillation scanning

26
Q

MRI

A

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

27
Q

Disadvantages of Scintigraphy

A

High Radiation Dose
Cancer vs Infection looks same on scan

28
Q

What is special about MRI ?

A

NO ionising radiation

29
Q

What does MRI use ?

A

VERY powerful superconducting magnet that creates a static magnetic field.

30
Q

What causes the tapping sound in an MRI machine ?

A

Radio signal being turned on and off

31
Q

What is high signal intensity ?

A

White

32
Q

What is intermediate signal intensity ?

A

Grey

33
Q

What is low signal intensity ?

A

Black

34
Q

T1 weighted MRI

A

Highlights fat tissue within the body

35
Q

What does intensity mean in MRI ?

A

The shade of grey of tissues and fluid.

36
Q

T2 weighted MRI

A

Highlights fat and water within the body

37
Q

Advantages of MRI

A

Gold Standard of Imaging
No radiation
Good differentiation between pathologies
Excellent soft tissue imaging esp in brain & spinal cord

38
Q

Disadvantages of MRI

A

Potentially dangerously strong magnet
Not good for bone
High cost
Long duration of scanning
Need for anaesthesia in younger/uncooperative patients

39
Q

Ultrasound Imaging

A

Uses sound waves to create an image

40
Q

Types of Imaging

A

X-ray
CT scan
Nuclear Medicine
MRI
Ultrasound

41
Q

Advantages of Ultrasound

A

Safe
No ionising radiation
Portable equipment, compact and inexpensive

42
Q

Disadvantages of Ultrasound

A

Highly operator dependent
Structures surrounded by bone e.g. brain/spinal cord don’t give clinically useful images

43
Q

Causes of wasteful requests

A

Repeat investigations
Doing wrong investigation
Investigating too often

44
Q

What 2 types of imaging use no ionising radiation ?

A

MRI and Ultrasound