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Medicine Year 1 Semester 1 > Infections of the Skin > Flashcards

Infections of the Skin Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 3 routes of infection

A

Skin
Wounds
Bites

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2
Q

What is the role of commensal microbiota in and on the body ?

A

Commensal bacteria supply the host with essential nutrients and defend the host against opportunistic pathogens.

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3
Q

What skin infection occurs in the ‘keratinised epithelium’ ?

A

Ringworm

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4
Q

What skin infection occurs in the ‘epidermis’ ?

A

Impetigo

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5
Q

What skin infection occurs in the ‘hair follicles’ ?

A

Folliculitus

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6
Q

What skin infection occurs in the ‘subcutaneous fat’ ?

A

Cellulitis

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7
Q

What skin infection occurs in the ‘fascia’ ?

A

Necrotising fasciitis

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8
Q

What skin infection occurs in the ‘muscle’ ?

A

Gas gangrene

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9
Q

What is a skin lesion ?

A

A skin lesion refers to any skin area that has different characteristics from the surrounding skin, including color, shape, size, and texture.

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10
Q

What are the 2 classes of skin lesions ?

A

Primary
Secondary

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11
Q

What are primary skin lesions ?

A

Primary skin lesions originate on previously healthy skin and are directly associated with a specific cause.

Common examples of primary skin lesions include freckles, moles, and blisters, among others

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12
Q

Name the 6 different forms of primary skin lesions

A

Macule
Papule
Nodule
Vesicle
Bulla
Pustule

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13
Q

What are secondary skin lesions ?

A

Secondary skin lesions develop from the evolution of a primary skin lesion, either due to traumatic manipulation, such as scratching or rubbing, or due to its treatment or progression.

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14
Q

Name the 4 examples of secondary skin lesions

A

Scales
Crust
Fissure
Ulcer

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15
Q

Abscess

A

Collection of pus; pustule

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16
Q

Vesicle

A

Blister; bullae (plural); fluid filled sac

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17
Q

Pyoderma

A

Pus forming skin infection; cutaneous abscess

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18
Q

What does the pus in a pyoderma contain ?

A

Bacteria, White blood cells, Dead tissue and serum

19
Q

Impetigo

A

Vesicles developing into ruptured pustules then forming dried crusts.

Caused by Gram + bacteria
Highly contagious

20
Q

Ecthyma

A

Rupturing vesicles leading to erythematous lesions and dried crusts.

21
Q

Folliculitis

A

Inflammation at hair follicle

22
Q

Furuncle

A

Boil; deep foliculitis

23
Q

Carbuncle

A

Collection of boils

24
Q

Erysipelas

A

Erythema (redness) and inflammation of superficial dermis

25
Q

Cellulitis

A

Erythematous inflammation affecting deeper dermis and subcutaneous fat

26
Q

Acne

A

Infection of sebaceous follicles

27
Q

Necrotising fasciitis

A

Cellulitis with necrosis affecting skin, deeper fascia and sometimes muscle

28
Q

Dehiscence

A

Wound rupture along surgical suture

29
Q

What are pathogenic bacteria ?

A

Pathogenic bacteria are bacteria that can cause disease.

30
Q

Name the 5 key bacterial pathogens

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

Staphylococcus aureus

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

(Some may be toxin mediated)

31
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes

A

Coccus
Grows in chains
Gram +
Group A Streptococcus
Multiple virulence factors
Beta-haemolytic

32
Q

Staphylococcus aureus

A

Coccus
Grows in clusters
Gram +
Causes a huge range of illnesses
Antibiotic resistant strains (MRSA, VRSA)
Multiple direct virulence factors
Direct infection or effect of toxin

33
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

Coccobacillus
Gram -
Single flagellum, at one pole
Opportunistic
Colonises catheters
Produces exotoxin A

34
Q

Which pathogenic bacteria colonises catheters ?

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

35
Q

Where is impetigo usually found ?

A

Superficial - epidermis

Note : Ecthyma is a deep form of impetigo (goes into the dermis)

36
Q

Management of spread of impetigo

A

Wash affected areas with soap and water
Wash hands regularly
Avoid scratching affected areas
Avoid sharing towels

37
Q

What causes staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome ?

A

Severe, superficial blistering skin disorder.
Detachment of the epidermis

38
Q

What is Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome also known as ?

A

Ritters disease

39
Q

What is SSSS ?

A

Localised Staph A infection of the skin or upper respiratory tract.

40
Q

Skin infections associated with the epidermis ?

A

Impetigo
Erysipelas (dermis as well- mainly)

41
Q

Skin infections associated with the dermis ?

A

Necrotising fasciitis
Cellulitis
Erysipelas

42
Q

Skin infections associated with the hypo-dermis ?

A

Necrotising fasciitis

43
Q

Why are diabetics particularly susceptible to infections ?

A

High blood glucose can alter the normal microbiota

Reduced blood flow in the vasculature may result in problems in mobilising the immune system effectively

Neuropathy, particularly in the extremities, may result in increased injury

Injection with insulin provides a portal of entry

Medicine Year 1 Semester 1 (37 decks)

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