Nervous System

Question 1

What are the 2 divisions of the nervous system ?

Answer 1

The CNS and the PNS

Question 2

CNS

Answer 2

Central Nervous System

Question 3

PNS

Answer 3

Peripheral Nervous System

Question 4

What does the CNS consist of ?

Answer 4

The brain and the spinal cord

Question 5

What does the PNS consist of ?

Answer 5

Cranial and spinal nerves (the remainder of the nervous system outside of the CNS)

Question 6

What are neurones ?

Answer 6

Functional cells of the nervous system, which conduct small electrical signals based on charge differences across their membranes.

Question 7

Describe the structure of neurones

Answer 7

Cell body - houses the nucleus
Dendrites - short projections from the cell body
Axons - a single long extension

Question 8

How do neurones communicate ?

Answer 8

Via neurotransmitter release at synapses

Question 9

What is a collection of cell bodies called ?

Answer 9

Ganglion (ganglia)

Question 10

What are axons covered by ?

Answer 10

A myelin sheath, which is made up of lipids

Question 11

Function of myelin sheath

Answer 11

Speeds up the conduction of electrical impulses

Question 12

What are structures in the CNS covered in ?

Answer 12

Protective layers of meninges

Question 13

What are the 3 layers of meninges ?

Answer 13

Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater

Question 14

Dura mater

Answer 14

Tough outer layer

Question 15

Arachnoid mater

Answer 15

Middle layer, creates a subarachnoid space for cerebrospinal fluid.

Question 16

Pia mater

Answer 16

Closely adhered to brain/spinal cord

Question 17

How many paired spinal nerves are there ?

Answer 17

31 pairs

Question 18

What are the 31 spinal nerves ?

Answer 18

8 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
1 coccygeal

Question 19

How many paired cranial nerves are there ?

Answer 19

12 pairs

Question 20

Where do the cranial nerves arise from ?

Answer 20

The brain/ brainstem

Question 21

Where do the cranial nerves function ?

Answer 21

Mostly occur in the head and neck, with the exception go the vagus nerve.

Question 22

What can the PNS be further divided into ?

Answer 22

Autonomic nervous system
Somatic nervous system

Question 23

Autonomic nervous system

Answer 23

Self governing
Sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions

Question 24

Sympathetic nervous system function

Answer 24

Activated by ‘fight or flight’ situations

Question 25

Symptoms of activation of sympathetic nervous system

Answer 25

Dilated pupils
Increased cardiac output
Increased blood flow to skeletal muscle and brain
Slow digestion

Question 26

Parasympathetic nervous system function

Answer 26

‘Rest & Digest’ system

Question 27

Symptoms of activation of parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 27

Constriction of pupils
Decreased cardiac output
Promotion of digestive functions

Question 28

Where are cell bodies found in sympathetic NS ?

Answer 28

T1 and L3

Question 29

Where are cell bodies found in parasympathetic NS ?

Answer 29

S2 and S4

Question 30

What is the axial skeleton ?

Answer 30

Skull, vertebrae, Sacrum, Ribs, Coccyx, Hyoid and Sternum

Question 31

What is the appendicular skeleton ?

Answer 31

Limbs, Clavicle, Scapula and Hip bones.