Genetic & Environmental Causes Of Disease Flashcards
How can you measure heritability ?
Family studies
Twin studies
Adoption studies
Migrant studies
Monozygotic twins
Identical twins
Share same genes and environment
Dizygotic twins
Non-identical twins
Share same environment
Same amount of genetic information as any other sibling
Problems with twin studies
Monozygotic share more ‘environment’ than dizygotic
Monozygotic may not have shared the same uterine environment
What does a moderate amount of alcohol do ?
Increases HDL
This is good for transporting cholesterol to liver for excretion.
What does a high amount of HDL do ?
Heart disease
What is acetaldehyde ?
A by-product of alcohol metabolism
What can teratogen cause ?
Fetal alcohol syndrome
What does dust affect ?
Starts in mesothelium outer lining of lung
What increases the risk of disease ?
Genetic variants mixed with environmental risk factors
What is the hardy Weinberg principle ?
Relative proportions of different genotypes remain constant from one generation to the next.
What does Hb-S cause ?
Sickle cell anaemia
Normal red blood cell
Hb-A, Hb-A
No problems
Die from Malaria
Heterozygous red blood cell
Hb-A, Hb-S
Basically okay
More resistant to malaria
Survival advantage
Sickle cell
Hb-S, Hb-S
Fatal, because of blood problems
Resistant to malaria
