Respiratory System - Slides 1-21 (Divisions of the Respiratory System) Flashcards
What are three general functions of the respiratory system?
- Filtration
- Temperature Regulation
- Humidification of Inspired Air
Name the structures inhaled air passes on it’s way to the lungs?
Nose
Nasal cavity
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Lungs (and then smaller and smaller branches until it reaches alveoli)
One way the respiratory system is divided is into an Upper Respiratory and Lower Respiratory System.
Where is the line of division?
Why are these divisions important?
The respiratory system is divided into an Upper Respiratory and Lower Respiratory System.
Where is the line of division? larynx
Why are these divisions important? clinical significance
What is the functional organization of the respiratory system?
Divided into a Conducting Portion and a Respiratory Portion
Air enters through the nostrils (________) and into the ______ _______.
Inside, there are three “bony shelves” called _______ that partially block the cavity.
Air enters the Pharynx which has three divisions: _______ (superior), ______ (middle), and ______ (inferior).
An opening in the superior division of the pharynx (______) called the ______ leads to the ear = equalize pressure
Between the middle and inferior divisions of the pharynx there is an important structure called the _____, that blocks the larynx
Air enters through the nostrils (External nares) and into the Nasal Vestibule.
Inside, there are three “bony shelves” called Conchae that partially block the cavity.
Air enters the Pharynx which has three divisions: Nasopharynx (superior), oropharynx (middle), and laryngopharynx (inferior).
An opening in the superior division of the pharynx (nasopharynx) called the Eustachian tube leads to the ear = equalize pressure
Between the middle and inferior divisions of the pharynx, there is an important structure called the Epiglottis, that blocks the larynx
What is the reason for the conchae?
What is the other term for these structures?
“three bony shelves inside the nasal cavity”
- aka turbinates
- provides surface area for filtration, warming air and humidifying air
How is the epiglottis closed?
Bringing the larynx up folds the epiglottis over the opening between the pharynx and larynx (covers the glottis).
Pharyngeal muscles then push bolus (chewed food) into the esophagus
What is indicated by the red lines in the image?
Root (Hilum) of the Lung
What is the Hilum of the lung?
The site where blood vessels, Lymphatics, nerves and airways enter and leave the lung
Why are lymphatics so important at the hilum?
You do not want accumulation of fluid in the lungs
Label the Lung:
- Apex
- Base
- Oblique Fissure
- Lingula
- Cardiac Notch
- Superior Lobe
- Middle Lobe
- Inferior Lobe
- Horizontal fissure
What separates the lobes of the lungs?
The Right lung has _____ lobes
The Left Lung has ____ lobes
Fissures
The Right lung has 3 lobes
The Left Lung has 2 lobes
What are the two structures observed on the left lung that are not typically observed on the right lung?
Cardiac Notch - Heart is a little more on left = pushes into the left lung
Lingula = produced from the cardiac notch
Label the medial view of the lungs:
- Horizontal fissure
- Oblique Fissure
- Hilum
- Inferior lobes
- Middle lobe
- Superior lobes
- Diaphragmatic surface
- Cardiac impression
Two membranes of the lungs:
The ______ covers the inside of the body wall
The ______ covers the lung
Two membranes of the lungs:
The Parietal pleura covers the inside of the body wall
The Visceral pleura covers the lung
What is the visceral pleura of the lung? What does it produce?
Lining of the lung
- Layer of mesothelium (simple squamous epithelium)
- Produces serous fluid
The space between the pleura of the lungs (two separate cavities) is called the ______. What is important about this space?
- Pleural Cavity
- Filled with pleural fluid.
- Fluid has surface tension that sticks the two layers together. Ribs expand, parietal pleura (stuck to ribs) expands. Because the visceral pleura is stuck to the parietal pleura (via that pleural fluid), when the parietal pleura expands, as does the visceral pleura - taking with it the lungs = breathing
Label the major airways
- Trachea
- Terminal bronchioles
- Bronchioles
- Primary Bronchi
- Secondary Bronchi
- Tertiary Bronchi
The trachea divides into a right and left ______ ______
The trachea divides into a right and left Primary Bronchus
The right lung has 3 _____ _____ branching from the Primary bronchus whereas the Left lung only has two.
What is the reason for this discrepancy?
The right lung has 3 Secondary Bronchi branching from the Primary bronchus whereas the Left lung only has two.
What is the reason for this discrepancy?
- The right lung has 3 lobes whereas the left has only 2 lobes
The secondary bronchi branch into ______. These branches get smaller and smaller until branching into ______
The secondary bronchi branch into Tertiary Bronchi. These branches get smaller and smaller until we branch into Bronchioles
What is the major (structural) difference between a bronchus and bronchiole?
- Bronchioles do not have cartilage rings
The _____ ______ are the last structure of the conducting division of the respiratory system
The Terminal Bronchioles are the last structure of the conducting division of the respiratory system
What holds the trachea open?
- compare to the esophagus - which looks collapsed
Cartilage rings of the trachea
What structure of the airway allows for control over constriction/dilation (due to the presence of _______ ______)
Bronchioles allow for control over constriction/dilation (due to the presence of Smooth Muscle)
The terminal bronchioles branch into:
Terminal bronchioles branch into Respiratory Bronchioles
Does respiration take place in respiratory bronchioles?
If so, why?
Yes, due to the presence of alveoli
Where does most of the respiration occur?
Large clusters of alveoli called Alveolar Sacs
What stucture(s) leads into the alveolar sacs?
Alveolar Ducts
What is important about the tissue forming the Alveoli?
Name 2 components (of this tissue) and why they’re important.
Tissue is very thin
- Connective tissue for structure - prevent collapsing
- Elastic fibres (alveoli expand and contract)
The conducting airways function in _____, ______ and ______ air
The Repiratory Airways function in ______ AND ______
Label the sketch.
- Trachea
- Respiratory Bronchiole
- Alveolar sac
- Terminal Bronchiole
- Alveolar duct
- Bronchiole
- Primary Bronchus
- Secondary Bronchus
The conducting airways function in warming, moistening and humidifying air. “Preparing air for the alveoli”
The Repiratory Airways function in conduction AND respiration
note: conduction happens in both, respiration does not.
