Lesson 12: Neuron

Question 1

The CNS is made up of the ____ and the ______

Answer 1

Brain and spinal cord

Question 2

What are the three parts of the brain?

Answer 2

Cerebrum

Cerebellum

Brainstem

Question 3

Cell bodies are called ______ when in the CNS and their axons are in ______

Answer 3

Cell bodies are in clusters called nuclei when in the CNS and their axons are in tracts

Question 4

Cluster of cell bodies are called _____ when in the PNS and their axons are in ______

Answer 4

Cluster of cell bodies are called ganglia when in the PNS and their axons are in nerves

Question 5

What are the two types of nerves in the PNS?

Answer 5

Cranial: come off the brainstem

Spinal: come off the spinal cord

Question 6

What are the two divisions of the PNS?

Answer 6

1. Somatic
2. Autonomic

Question 7

What are the two divisions of the Somatic division of the PNS?

Answer 7

Motor

Sensory - eg can feel when someone touches you

Question 8

What are the two divisions of the Autonomic division of the PNS (remember, autonomic = visceral)

Answer 8

Motor

Sensory

Question 9

The motor component of the autonomic nervous system can be _____ or ______

Answer 9

The motor component of the autonomic nervous system can be sympathetic (fight/flight) or parasympathetic (rest/digest)

Question 10

All of the organs of your body have a _____ (afferent) component

Answer 10

Sensory

Question 11

Difference between the somatic and autonomic sensory?

Answer 11

YOu can localize the sensation in somatic (can tell where someone touches you)

No localization in autonomic - can’t name which organ is hurting

Question 12

Neuronal cell bodies in the peripheral system are called?

Answer 12

Peripheral ganglia

Question 13

What are neurons?

Answer 13

Nerve cells that conduct signals

Question 14

Support cells for neurons are called:

Answer 14

Neuroglia

Question 15

Neurons form connections to other cells via ______

Answer 15

synapses

Question 16

The functional unit of the brain is the ______

Answer 16

Neuron

Question 17

What do neurons function to do?

Answer 17

Neurons encode information and conduct it over considerable distances and transmit it to other neurons or various non-neuronal cells

Question 18

What produces myelination?

Answer 18

The neuroglial cell, Schwann cells

Question 19

The gaps between schwann cells of the axon are called

Answer 19

Nodes of ranvier

Question 20

The point of contact of an axon terminal with another cell is the

Answer 20

Synapse

Question 21

The synapse transmits nerve impulse via ______

Answer 21

neurotransmitters

Question 22

a neuron can synapse onto:

Answer 22

1. other neurons
2. muscle
3. gland

Question 23

A typical motor neuron is called a:

Answer 23

Multipolar neuron

Question 24

Motor neurons cell bodies are found in the _______ forming a ______

Answer 24

Motor neurons cell bodies are found in the spinal cord forming a nucleus

(remember a collection of nerve cell bodies in the CNS is called a nucleus)

Question 25

ALL SENSORY NEURONS CELL BODIES ARE FOUND IN THE _____ and are called a _____ with their axons forming \_\_\_\_\_

Answer 25

ALL SENSORY NEURONS CELL BODIES ARE FOUND IN THE **_PNS**_ and are called a _**ganglia**_ with their axons forming _**nerves_**

Question 26

What are the two types of neuroglia in the PNS?

Answer 26

1. Schwann cells 2. Satellite glial cells

Question 27

What are the four neuroglia types found in the CNS?

Answer 27

1. Astrocytes 2. Oligodendrocytes 3. Microglia 4. Ependymal cells

Question 28

Which cell is being described: * surround sensory neuronal cell body * has supportive role (regulate NT's, O2, CO2)

Answer 28

Satellite Cells (neuroglial cell of PNS)

Question 29

Which cell is being described? * Myelinate peripheral axons (sensory and motor) * One cell per myelinated segment

Answer 29

Schwann Cell

Question 30

Which cell is being described? * Myelinate CNS axons * provide structural framework?

Answer 30

Oligodendrocytes (neuroglial cell of CNS)

Question 31

Which cell is being described? * Remove cell debris, wastes, and pathogens by phagocytosis

Answer 31

Microglia (neuroglial cell of the CNS)

Question 32

What cell is being described? * Maintains blood brain barrier * Provides structural support * regulate ion, nutrient, and dissolved gas concentrations * absorb and recycles NT's * forms scar tissue after injury

Answer 32

Astrocytes (neuroglial cell of the CNS)

Question 33

What cell is being described? * Line ventricles (brain) and central canal (spinal cavity) * assist in producing, circulating and monitoring of cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 33

Ependymal cells (neuroglial cell of the CNS)