Digestive System II Flashcards
Describe the location of the stomach and where it gets its vasculature?
- Intraperitoneal
- In LUQ (left upper quadrant)
- Vasculature from the celiac trunk
How does the stomach contribute to digestion?
- Mechanical breakdown
- mixing and churning via segmentation (contractions of muscular wall)
- Chemically/enzymatically
- secreted acids and enzymes
Mixed bolus and gastric juices is called:
Chyme - viscous, acidic, soupy mixture
What mesentery is associated with the greater curvature of the stomach?
Greater omentum = forms “apron”

What is the greater omentum?
What is found here?
Mesentery from the greater curvature of the stomach to the transverse colon
- Protective layer
- Blood, nerves and lymphoid tissue
- Lipid deposition for temp control
- Immunological function
- Moves easily = follows infection within the perotineum

Why is the upper portion of the stomach given the term “cardiac”
Close to heart
Shares dermatome with heart = sensory implications (eg heartburn)
What are the four major parts of the stomach as mentioned in lecture?

- Fundus
- Cardia
- Pyloric Canal (Pylorus)
- Body

What type of epithelium makes up the stomach? And why?
Simple Columnar Epithelium - absorption
What are the three layers of smooth muscle in the stomach?
- Inner oblique
- middle circular
- outer longitudinal

What are the folds within the stomach called? What is their purpose?
Rugae
- Allow stomach to stretch

The surface of the Rugae is called the ______ and is where we would find:
The surface of the Rugae is called the Gastric Pit and is where we would find:
- Stem cells
- 1 cell layer of Simple Columnar Epithelium

Each gastric pit is associated with ______ which produce the HCl and enzymes
Each gastric pit is associated with Gastric glands (many) which produce the HCl and enzymes

Label the Rugae:
- Gastric pit
- Mucosa
- Muscularis
- Submucosa
- Gastric Gland
- Serosa


What are the 5 Gastric Gland secretory cells mentioned in lecture?
- Surface Mucous Cell
- mucous
- Mucous Neck Cell
- mucous
- Parietal Cell
- HCl
- Chief Cell
- pepsin, lipase
- Neuroendocrine cell
- gastrin

What is the difference between the mucous produced by the surface mucous cells and the mucous produced by the mucous neck cells?
- Surface mucous cell:
- Thick alkaline mucous
- Mucous Neck Cell
- Higher water content
Which gastric gland-secretory cells secrete HCl?
Parietal Cells

Which Gastric gland - secretory cell secretes pepsin and lipase?
Chief cell
What is important about the type of enzymes produced by chief and parietal cells?
Chief cells secrete pre-enzymatic enzymes. Not able to digest until they mix with the mucous within the mucous neck cell = activates enzymes/acid
PROTECTION - prevents digestion of “self”
What hormone is released by the neuroendocrine cell in the gastric gland?
Gastrin - stimulates chief and parietal cells
What are the three parts of the small intestine?
- Duodenum
- associated with stomach, liver and pancreas
- Final digestion
- Jejunum
- Most absorption
- ileum
- Remaining absorption

What is present in the small intestine that makes it especially good at absorption? (3)
- Circular folds called plicae circulares
- villi
- microvilli
The small intestine is mostly ______ (location) with the exception of the duodenum
The small intestine is mostly intraperitoneal (location) with the exception of the duodenum
The small intestine extends from the ______ of the stomach to the ______ (beg of L. intestine) and is found in _______ quadrant(s)
The small intestine extends from the pyloric orifice* of the stomach to the *ileocecal valve (beg of L. intestine) and is found in all 4 quadrant(s)
The duodenum receives ____ from the stomach and secretions of the _____ and _____ via the ______
The duodenum receives chyme from the stomach and secretions of the pancreas and gallbladder via the gall bladder

























