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ANAT 200 > Endocrine System Live Lecture > Flashcards

Endocrine System Live Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

Which endocrine gland is shown in the image?

A

Pancreas

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2
Q

The pancreas, unlike the adrenal glands, is not under direct control of the ______

A

The pancreas, unlike the adrenal glands, is not under direct control of the pituitary gland

“self-regulated”

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3
Q

The pancreas is both an _____ and an ______ gland

A

Exocrine and endocrine gland

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4
Q

What is the difference in endocrine and exocrine glands?

A

Endocrine- produce hormones that enter the circulatory system

Exocrine- produce secretions that go to an epithelial surface

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5
Q

The head of the pancreas is tucked into the bend of the ______ of the small intestine, and is attached to the __________wall

A

The head of the pancreas is tucked into the bend of the duodenum of the small intestine and is attached to the posterior abdominal wall

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6
Q

The clusters of endocrine tissue embedded within the exocrine tissue of the pancreas are called:

A

Islets of Langerhans

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7
Q

The alpha cell of the pacreatic islet secretes:

A

Alpha cells secrete glucagon

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8
Q

The beta cells of the pancreas secrete:

A

Insulin

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9
Q

The Delta cell of the pancreas secretes:

A

Somatostatin

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10
Q

What does glucagon do?

What produces glucagon?

A
  • Functions:
    • Stimulates glucose synthesis
    • Elevates blood glucose
    • Mobilizes lipid reserves
  • Produced by:
    • Alpha cells of the pancreas
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11
Q

What is the function of insulin?

What is it produced by?

A
  • Functions
    • Stimulates lipid and glycogen synthesis and storage
    • Stimulates glucose uptake by cells
    • Decreases blood glucose levels
  • Produced by:
    • Beta Cells of the pancreas
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12
Q

What is the function of somatostatin?

What is it produced by?

A
  • Function:
    • Inhibits secretion of glucagon and insulin
  • Produced by Delta Cells of the pancreas
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13
Q

What is diabetes mellitus?

A

Inability to produce or use insulin

  • Elevation of blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia)
  • Excretion of glucose in the urine
    • Don’t make enough insulin = cells don’t take up glucose
    • Cells don’t respond to insulin = don’t take up glucose
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14
Q

What is type I diabetes caused by?

A

Autoimmune:

  • immune system destroys beta cells in the pancreas
  • can’t produce insulin

Insulin-dependent diabetes

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15
Q

What is Type II diabetes?

A

Combination of insulin-resistance and insulin-secretory defects

  • Target cells become less sensitive to insulin
    • due to downregulation of receptors
    • Non-insulin-dependent diabetes
    • Correlates with age and obesity
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16
Q

What glands are important in calcium regulation?

A

Parathyroid glands

17
Q

Where would you find the parathyroid glands?

A

Posterior to the thyroid

18
Q

What does parathyroid hormone do?

A

Calcium Regulation:

  • Increases Calcium in body fluids
  • Decreases Ca2+ deposition in bone
19
Q

What is calcitonin?

Where is it produced?

A
  • Calcitonin is a hormone produced by C-cells that reside in the thyroid
  • Functions to:
    • Decrease calcium in body fluids
    • increase calcium deposition in bone
    • (HAS OPPOSITE FUNCTIONS OF PARATHYROID HORMONE)
20
Q

Where is the pineal gland?

What does it secrete?

Regulates the “_____”

A
  • small midline structure at the posterior end of the 3rd ventricle
  • Secretes Melatonin
    • Regulates biological clock (sleep cycle)
21
Q

What does the thymus gland secrete (aside from calcitonin)?

A
  • Produces T-lymphocytes
  • Secretes Thymic Hormones
22
Q

What are the T-Lymphocytes?

Where are they produced?

A

Function in cell-mediated immunity

Produced by Thymus gland

23
Q

What is the function of the thymic hormones?

Where are they secreted from?

A
  • Promote proliferation and maturation of T-lymphocytes
  • Secreted by Thymus Gland
24
Q

The _____ lobe of the pituitary regulates the thyroid

A

Anterior lobe of the pituitary

25
Q

Thyrotropin-releasing hormones are produced where? Go Where? And stimulate what?

A

Thyrotropin-releasing hormones are released from the hypothalamus into the primary capillary plexus -> travel through the portal vein -> stimulate anterior pituitary to release Thyroid Stimulating hormone which stimulates the production of the thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) by the thyroid gland

26
Q

The gastrointestinal tract has more than _____ hormones which function in:

A

The gastrointestinal tract has more than 20 hormones which function in: Regulating activity of GI tract and digestive glands

27
Q

What does erythropoietin do?

Where is it released from?

A
  • Increases RBC production
  • Released from kidneys
28
Q

What does Renin do?

Where is renin produced?

A

Renin increases blood pressure.

Produced in the kidneys

29
Q

What are two endocrine hormones produced in the kidney?

A

Erythropoietin - stimulates RBC production

Renin - increases blood pressure

30
Q

What hormone is produced in the heart?

A

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide

-decreases blood pressure

31
Q

What does Atrial natriuretic peptide do?

Where is it produced?

A

Decreases blood pressure

Produced in the heart

32
Q

What do Leptins do?

Where are they produced?

A

Hormone that acts as an appetite suppressant

Produced by Adipose Tissue

ANAT 200 (20 decks)

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