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ANAT 200 > Lesson 12B: Brain > Flashcards

Lesson 12B: Brain Flashcards

1
Q

What are the membranes called that cover and protect the CNS?

A

Meninges

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2
Q

what are the three layers (types) of Meninges?

A
  1. Dura Mater: tough outer layer
  2. Arachnoid Mater: Has space filled with CSF below (ie is the roof to the space filled with CSF); impenetrable to fluid
  3. Pia Mater: Floor of space filled with CSF; intimate contact with brain cells themselves
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3
Q

The space below the arachnoid mater that is filled with CSF is called the:

A

Subarachnoid space

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4
Q

Label the layers of the brain:

A
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5
Q

Label the brain membranes seen

A
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6
Q

The arachnoid is an ______ layer

A

epithelium

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7
Q

The hills of the brain are called ______ (outer cortical tissue)

The spaces between the hills (valleys) are called _______

A

The hills of the brain are called Gyri (outer cortical tissue)

The spaces between the hills (valleys) are called sulci

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8
Q

Label the three main parts of the brain:

A
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9
Q

What are the five main functions of the CEREBRUM?

A
  1. Higher cognitive functions
    • thought, intellect, planning, creativity
  2. Language and speech
  3. Somatic motor function
    • regulate skeletal muscle activity
    • regulate and coordinate movement (basal ganglia)
  4. Somatic sensory function
    • Interpret stimuli from environment
  5. Regulates emotional aspects of behaviour
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10
Q

The space separating the left and right hemispheres of the cerebrum is called the:

A

Longitudinal Fissure

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11
Q

The space between the Frontal Lobe and the Temporal lobe is called the:

A

Lateral (sylvian) fissure

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12
Q

The space between the Frontal lobe and the parietal lobe is called the:

A

Central Sulcus

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13
Q

The central sulcus is the ________ (starts every signal to move muscle)

A

Primary motor cortex

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14
Q

Which lobe is associated with

  • thinking, planning, personality
  • motor planning
  • has primary motor cortex
A

Frontal Lobe

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15
Q

The Parietal lobe contains what important cortex?

A

Primary Somatosensory Cortex

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16
Q

Which lobe of the brain is associated with:

  • perception of self in space (proprioception)
  • Houses the primary somatosensory cortex
A

Parietal Lobe

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17
Q

Which lobe is associated with vision?

A

Occipital lobe

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18
Q

Which lobe is associated with Learning and memory and hearing?

A

Parietal Lobe

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19
Q

The neurons reside in the ______ of the brain

A

Cerebral Cortex

(grey matter on outside of the brain)

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20
Q

What is the map of the primary motor cortex called?

A

Motor Homunculus

(the dark yellow border is the grey matter of the cortex)

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21
Q

The brain map of the somatosensory cortex is called:

A

Somatosensory Homunculus

22
Q

Precentral gyrus you would find the:

A

primary motor cortex

23
Q

Post central gyrus you would find the:

A

Primary sensory cortex (somatosensory cortex)

24
Q

White matter is caused by:

A

White matter is caused by: Myelinated axons (myelinated by oligodendrocytes cns))

25
Q

Neuronal cell bodies of the brain reside in the _____ (_____ matter)

A

Neuronal cell bodies of the brain reside in the cortex (grey matter)

26
Q

Axons of the brains neurons extend from the cortex into the ______ (____matter)

A

Axons of the brains neurons extend from the cortex into the medulla (white matter)

27
Q

Fibre tracts = ____ tracts

A

axon

28
Q

What type of fibre tract are between gyri within the same hemisphere? (ie intrahemispheric connections; short or long)

A

Association fibres

29
Q

What type of fibre connects one hemisphere to another?

(ie interhemispheric connections)

A

Commissural fibres

30
Q

What type of fibre tract travels to and from the cortex of the brain?

A

Projection fibres

31
Q

The big commissural fiber between the two hemispheres of the brain is called the:

A

corpus collosum

32
Q

Projection fibres can be ______ (toward midline - to cortex) or ______ (motor - away from midline)

A

Projection fibres can be afferent (toward midline) or efferent (away from midline)

Red line = efferent

Blue line = afferent

33
Q

What does the cerebellum do? (3)

A
  1. Compares intended mvmt with evolving mvmt - corrects for errors = talks to cerebrum to compare intended movement and tweak
  2. Ensures movements are smooth, coordinated and purposeful (skilled)
  3. Regulates posture and balance
34
Q

Disease in the cerebellum might result in:

A

cerebellar ataxia (intention tremor, lack of balance and coordination)

35
Q

What aer the three components of the brainstem?

A
  1. Midbrain
  2. Pons
  3. Medulla
36
Q

The brainstem has ______ going up and down connecting spinal cord to cortex

A

axon tracts

37
Q

Cell bodies of your cranial nerves are found in the _____

A

brainstem

38
Q

What part of the brainstem is important for arousal of cortex and consciousness

A

Reticular Activating System

39
Q

The brainstem contains centres for

  • regulating ____ and ____
  • regulating _____ and ____ reflex
A

The brainstem contains centres for

  • regulating heart rate and breathing
  • regulating swallowing and gag reflex
40
Q

The midbrain contains the _____ which regulates motor activity and whose degeneration results in parkinsons disease

A

Substantia nigra

41
Q

The midbrain is the relay centre for ____ and _____ pathways

A

visual and auditory

42
Q

The pons forms the bridge between the _____ and ______

A

cerebrum and cerebellum

43
Q

What happens in the ventricles of the brain?

A

Cerebral spinal fluid is produced (released into subarachnoid space)

44
Q

Which artery comes from the neck and supplies the brainstem, and the posterior part of the brain

A

Vertebral Artery

45
Q

Label the:

  • Anterior communicating artery
  • Middle cerebral artery
  • Internal carotid artery
  • Posterior communicating artery
  • Posterior Cerebral Artery
  • Basilary Artery
  • Vertebral Artery
A
46
Q

Label the:

  • Anterior Horns
  • Fourth Ventricle
  • Inferior Horns
  • Posterior Horns
  • Central Canal
  • Third Ventricle
  • Lateral Ventricles
A
47
Q

The Basilar artery supplies:

A

the pons and cerebellum

48
Q

What makes up the circle of willis?

A

Anterior, middle and posterior cerebral

49
Q

The posterior cerebral artery supplies the:

A

Occipital lobe and the underside of the temporal lobe

50
Q

The internal carotid artery branches to the _________

A

Middle cerebral artery

51
Q

The middle cerebral artery supplies the:

A

lateral surface of the brain

52
Q

The anterior cerebral artery supplies the:

A

2 cerebral hemispheres from midline view

ANAT 200 (20 decks)

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