Lesson 12B: Brain

Question 1

What are the membranes called that cover and protect the CNS?

Answer 1

Meninges

Question 2

what are the three layers (types) of Meninges?

Answer 2

1. Dura Mater: tough outer layer
2. Arachnoid Mater: Has space filled with CSF below (ie is the roof to the space filled with CSF); impenetrable to fluid
3. Pia Mater: Floor of space filled with CSF; intimate contact with brain cells themselves

Question 3

The space below the arachnoid mater that is filled with CSF is called the:

Answer 3

Subarachnoid space

Question 4

Label the layers of the brain:

Answer 4

Question 5

Label the brain membranes seen

Answer 5

Question 6

The arachnoid is an ______ layer

Answer 6

epithelium

Question 7

The hills of the brain are called ______ (outer cortical tissue)

The spaces between the hills (valleys) are called _______

Answer 7

The hills of the brain are called Gyri (outer cortical tissue)

The spaces between the hills (valleys) are called sulci

Question 8

Label the three main parts of the brain:

Answer 8

Question 9

What are the five main functions of the CEREBRUM?

Answer 9

1. Higher cognitive functions
   
   • thought, intellect, planning, creativity
2. Language and speech
3. Somatic motor function
   
   • regulate skeletal muscle activity
   • regulate and coordinate movement (basal ganglia)
4. Somatic sensory function
   
   • Interpret stimuli from environment
5. Regulates emotional aspects of behaviour

Question 10

The space separating the left and right hemispheres of the cerebrum is called the:

Answer 10

Longitudinal Fissure

Question 11

The space between the Frontal Lobe and the Temporal lobe is called the:

Answer 11

Lateral (sylvian) fissure

Question 12

The space between the Frontal lobe and the parietal lobe is called the:

Answer 12

Central Sulcus

Question 13

The central sulcus is the ________ (starts every signal to move muscle)

Answer 13

Primary motor cortex

Question 14

Which lobe is associated with

• thinking, planning, personality
• motor planning
• has primary motor cortex

Answer 14

Frontal Lobe

Question 15

The Parietal lobe contains what important cortex?

Answer 15

Primary Somatosensory Cortex

Question 16

Which lobe of the brain is associated with:

• perception of self in space (proprioception)
• Houses the primary somatosensory cortex

Answer 16

Parietal Lobe

Question 17

Which lobe is associated with vision?

Answer 17

Occipital lobe

Question 18

Which lobe is associated with Learning and memory and hearing?

Answer 18

Parietal Lobe

Question 19

The neurons reside in the ______ of the brain

Answer 19

Cerebral Cortex

(grey matter on outside of the brain)

Question 20

What is the map of the primary motor cortex called?

Answer 20

Motor Homunculus

(the dark yellow border is the grey matter of the cortex)

Question 21

The brain map of the somatosensory cortex is called:

Answer 21

Somatosensory Homunculus

Question 22

Precentral gyrus you would find the:

Answer 22

primary motor cortex

Question 23

Post central gyrus you would find the:

Answer 23

Primary sensory cortex (somatosensory cortex)

Question 24

White matter is caused by:

Answer 24

White matter is caused by: Myelinated axons (myelinated by oligodendrocytes cns))

Question 25

Neuronal cell bodies of the brain reside in the _____ (\_\_\_\_\_ matter)

Answer 25

Neuronal cell bodies of the brain reside in the _cortex_ (_grey_ matter)

Question 26

Axons of the brains neurons extend from the cortex into the ______ (\_\_\_\_matter)

Answer 26

Axons of the brains neurons extend from the cortex into the _medulla_ (_white_ matter)

Question 27

Fibre tracts = ____ tracts

Answer 27

axon

Question 28

What type of fibre tract are between gyri within the same hemisphere? (ie intrahemispheric connections; short or long)

Answer 28

Association fibres

Question 29

What type of fibre connects one hemisphere to another? (ie interhemispheric connections)

Answer 29

Commissural fibres

Question 30

What type of fibre tract travels to and from the cortex of the brain?

Answer 30

Projection fibres

Question 31

The big commissural fiber between the two hemispheres of the brain is called the:

Answer 31

corpus collosum

Question 32

Projection fibres can be ______ (toward midline - to cortex) or ______ (motor - away from midline)

Answer 32

Projection fibres can be _afferent_ (toward midline) or _efferent_ (away from midline) Red line = efferent Blue line = afferent

Question 33

What does the cerebellum do? (3)

Answer 33

1. Compares intended mvmt with evolving mvmt - corrects for errors = talks to cerebrum to compare intended movement and tweak 2. Ensures movements are smooth, coordinated and purposeful (skilled) 3. Regulates posture and balance

Question 34

Disease in the cerebellum might result in:

Answer 34

cerebellar ataxia (intention tremor, lack of balance and coordination)

Question 35

What aer the three components of the brainstem?

Answer 35

1. Midbrain 2. Pons 3. Medulla

Question 36

The brainstem has ______ going up and down connecting spinal cord to cortex

Answer 36

axon tracts

Question 37

Cell bodies of your cranial nerves are found in the \_\_\_\_\_

Answer 37

brainstem

Question 38

What part of the brainstem is important for arousal of cortex and consciousness

Answer 38

Reticular Activating System

Question 39

The brainstem contains centres for * regulating ____ and \_\_\_\_ * regulating _____ and ____ reflex

Answer 39

The brainstem contains centres for * regulating _heart rate_ and _breathing_ * regulating _swallowing_ and _gag_ reflex

Question 40

The midbrain contains the _____ which regulates motor activity and whose degeneration results in parkinsons disease

Answer 40

Substantia nigra

Question 41

The midbrain is the relay centre for ____ and _____ pathways

Answer 41

visual and auditory

Question 42

The pons forms the bridge between the _____ and \_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 42

cerebrum and cerebellum

Question 43

What happens in the ventricles of the brain?

Answer 43

Cerebral spinal fluid is produced (released into subarachnoid space)

Question 44

Which artery comes from the neck and supplies the brainstem, and the posterior part of the brain

Answer 44

Vertebral Artery

Question 45

Label the: * Anterior communicating artery * Middle cerebral artery * Internal carotid artery * Posterior communicating artery * Posterior Cerebral Artery * Basilary Artery * Vertebral Artery

Answer 45

Question 46

Label the: * Anterior Horns * Fourth Ventricle * Inferior Horns * Posterior Horns * Central Canal * Third Ventricle * Lateral Ventricles

Answer 46

Question 47

The Basilar artery supplies:

Answer 47

the pons and cerebellum

Question 48

What makes up the circle of willis?

Answer 48

Anterior, middle and posterior cerebral

Question 49

The posterior cerebral artery supplies the:

Answer 49

Occipital lobe and the underside of the temporal lobe

Question 50

The internal carotid artery branches to the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 50

Middle cerebral artery

Question 51

The middle cerebral artery supplies the:

Answer 51

lateral surface of the brain

Question 52

The anterior cerebral artery supplies the:

Answer 52

2 cerebral hemispheres from midline view