Pre-lecture Video: Heart and Great Vessels

Question 1

Main functions of the Cardiovascular system?

(3 - one with 4 subpoints)

Answer 1

• Maintain homeostasis
• Transport of:
  
  • metabolites and wastes
  • Hormones and signalling molecules
  • Gasses (O2 and CO2)
  • Cells involved in immune and inflammatory responses
• Regulation of Body temperature

Question 2

The heart resides in the ______, a central region of the thorax within rib cage and bounded on the left and right by the lungs

Answer 2

The heart resides in the mediastinum, a central region of the thorax within rib cage and bounded on the left and right by the lungs

Question 3

Along with the heart, the Mediastinum also contains the _____, _____, _______, and ________

Answer 3

Along with the heart, the Mediastinum also contains the esophagus, trachea, thymus gland and large blood vessels

Question 4

The heart is encased within a tough fibrous sac called:

Answer 4

Pericardium/Pericardial sac

Question 5

What lubricates the smooth interface between pericardial sac (parietal pericardium layer) and epicardium of the heart?

Answer 5

Serous fluid

Question 6

What is the path of blood through the heart?

(start with deoxygenated blood returning to heart)

Answer 6

Superior Vena Cava and Inferior Vena Cava and Coronary sinus → Right Atrium → Atrial-Ventricular Valve/ Tricuspid valve →Right Ventricle → pulmonary semilunar valve → Pulmonary Trunk → Divides into left and right pulmonary arteries (go to respective lungs) → Pulmonary Veins (bring oxygenated blood from lungs to the heart) → Left Atrium → bicuspid/mitral valve → Left Ventricle → Aortic semilunar valve → Aorta

Question 7

Both left and right atrium have two muscle walls: describe them and where they’re most likely to be found

Answer 7

Smooth wall inside

Pectinate muscle (mostly in atrial appendage (auricle))

Question 8

Coronary veins merge to form the ________ which returns blood to the _____ atrium

Answer 8

Coronary veins merge to form the coronary sinus which returns blood to the right atrium

Question 9

What is the atrial appendage (auricle)

Answer 9

Looks like flap off of the atrium that contains Pectinate muscle - not really any purpose other than during development

Question 10

What are the three components of the Tricuspid Valve mentioned in Lecture?

Answer 10

1. Chordae tendinae
2. Papillary muscle
3. Valve cusp

Question 11

The pulmonary semilunar valve lacks the chordae tendinae and muscle so how does it prevent backflow of blood?

Answer 11

After initial burst of blood, blood starts to fall back - it is collected in the pulmonary sinus’ of the three nodules which then fill up and block the exit

Question 12

What is the difference between arteries and veins

Answer 12

Arteries carry blood away from the heart (usually oxygenated except for Pulmonary Arteries)

Veins carry blood to the heart (typically deoxygenated except for Pulmonary Veins)

Question 13

“Beans” of muscle on wall of the heart are called?

Answer 13

Trabeculae Carnae

Question 14

What is a difference between Aortic valve and the Pulmonary Valve?

Answer 14

In left and Right cusps of the Aortic semilunar valve are Openings of the left and right coronary arteries (to service the heart)

Question 15

A heart in ventricular diastole will have _____ bicuspid and tricuspid valves

Answer 15

A heart in ventricular diastole will have open bicuspid and tricuspid valves

Question 16

During ventricular systole, the Tricuspid and bicuspid valves will be _____

Answer 16

During ventricular systole, the Tricuspid and bicuspid valves will be closed

Question 17

What separates the right and left atria and the right and left ventricles?

Answer 17

Septa

• Interatrial septum
• Interventricular Septum

Question 18

What are the three sources of blood entering the Right Atrium?

Answer 18

Superior Vena Cava (head)

Inferior Vena Cava (rest of the body)

Coronary Veins (Sinus) from heart

Question 19

Does the right atrium contract during systole?

Answer 19

No! Doesn’t contract during systole (systole= ventricular contraction)

Question 20

What closes the tricuspid valve (between right atrium and right ventricle)

What is the function of the chordae tendinae and papillary muscles

Answer 20

Contraction of the right ventricle squishes the blood = some goes under cusps of valve = forces them up

• Chordae tendinae and papillary muscles contract to prevent the valve from going too far (blowing open / inverting into the atrium)

Question 21

Blood from the right ventricle goes through the ______ valve and into the _______

Answer 21

Blood from the right ventricle goes through the pulmonary semilunar valve and into the pulmonary trunk

Question 22

Blood goes from the left atrium through the ______ valve into the ______

Answer 22

Blood goes from the left atrium through the Mitral (Bicuspid) valve into the left ventricle

Question 23

What valve lies between the Left ventricle and the Aorta?

Answer 23

Aortic Semilunar Valve

Question 24

What are the holes in the aortic sinus’s of the aortic valve called?

Answer 24

coronary ostia