Reproductive System (Female) Part II Flashcards
As follicles mature, what hormone do they increase?
Estrogen
High estrogen causes a surge of ______ which causes the next phase of the ovarian cycle:
High estrogen causes a surge of LH which causes the next phase of the ovarian cycle: Ovulation
What hormones are increased by the corpus luteum?
Progesterone and estrogen
The placental hormone that replaces LH is:
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
What does a high level of progesterone do?
Maintain endometrium
What is angiogeneisis?
Formation of thick vascular lining: placenta
By the second trimester, the _____ takes over the secretion of hormones
placenta
What does the hormone relaxin do? Where is it secreted from?
Prepares cervix for delivery
Released by placenta
What does the placenta do?
*temporary organ*
- connects foetus to uterine wall (via umbilical cord) where exchange of blood and nutrients can occur during development
The placenta has which 6 functions?
- nutrient intake
- thermo-regulation
- waste-elimination
- gas exchange
- fight against internal infections
- lymphatics and immune
- produces hCG
If you see ovaries are you posterior or anterior view?
Posterior
What are the three layers of the uterus?
- Endometrium
- mucosal layer
- changes every month
- menses if no fertilization
- Myometrium
- 3 layers of smooth muscle
- Mesometrium
- mesentery of the uterus
What does the cervix produce and why?
How does the secretion change during ovulation?
Mucus
- stops passage of bacteria from vagina
- becomes more watery during ovulation
- allow sperm through
What makes up 90% of the uterus’ mass?
outer muscular myometrium
- 3 layers of muscle
- force needed for parturition
The _____ is the mucosa layer of the uterus making up about 10% of the mass.
Has ____ layers
The endometrium is the mucosa layer of the uterus making up about 10% of the mass.
Has two layers
The vast amount of uterine glands opening into the endometrial surface extend into the _______
The vast amount of uterine glands opening into the endometrial surface extend into the lamina propria
Which vessels supply the uterus?
- Found in the _______ ligament
- Branch from the _____ ______ vessels
Uterine vessels
- Found in the transverse ligament
- Branch from the internal iliac vessels
The suspensory ligament carries the _____ vessels and the transverse ligament carries the ______ vessels
The suspensory ligament carries the ovarian vessels and the transverse ligament carries the uterine vessels
What vessels supply the vagina?
Where do they branch from?
What vessels supply the vagina? Vaginal vessels
Where do they branch from? Internal iliac vessels
How many phases are there in the menstrual cycle?
3 phases
- Menses (menstrual phase)
- Proliferative
- Secretory phase
What happens during the first phase of the menstrual cycle (Menstrual phase)?
Destruction of the functional layer (of endometrium)
What happens during the 2nd phase of the menstrual cycle (Proliferative phase)
Repair and regeneration of the functional layer (of endometrium)
What happens during the 3rd phase of the menstrual cycle (secretory phase)?
Secretion of uterine glands
What ovarian cycle phase is associated with the proliferating phase of the menstrual cycle?
Follicular phase
The luteal phase of the ovarian cycle is associated with which phase of the menstrual cycle?
Secretory phase
______ induces proliferation of endometrium following menstruation
estrogen induces proliferation of endometrium following menstruation
_______ causes the endometrium to become secretory and prepares it for implantation
progesterone causes the endometrium to become secretory and prepares it for implantation
What are the two layers associated with the endometrium?
- Basal layer: Stratum basalis
- never destroyed
- Functional layer: Stratum functionalis
- changes throughout the cycle
Follow the arterial blood-flow through the uterus
- Uterine arteries
-
Arcuate Arteries
- surround all of uterus within myometrium
- Radial arteries
-
Straight arteries
- associated with basal layer (stratum basalis = stem cell layer) of endometrium
- ALWAYS PRESENT
-
Spiral arteries
- produced new every month (angiogenesis)
- supply functional layer and developing zygote
- help with development of placenta
What is the difference between straight arteries and spiral arteries?
- Straight arteries
- remain unchanged throughout uterine cycle
- supply basal layer of endometrium
- Spiral arteries
- Shed and regrow during each menstrual cycle (angiogenesis)
- Supply functional layer of endometrium (stratum functionalis)