Respiratory System Flashcards
Nasal Cavity (Olfactory nerve (CN 1)
first cranial nerve and conveys special sensory information related to smell. It is the shortest of the cranial nerves and passes from its receptors in the nasal mucosa to the forebrain. It enters the skull through the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone.
Nasal Cavity (nasal concha)
Projecting out of the lateral walls of the nasal cavity are curved shelves of bone. They are called conchae (or turbinates). The are three conchae – inferior, middle and superior. They project into the nasal cavity, creating four pathways for the air to flow.
Nasal Cavity (External nares)
nostril openings, lead into the nasal vestibule, a short passage that leads into the main nasal cavities. The nasal sinuses connect to the nasal cavities via small ducts.
Nasal Cavity (Palate - Hard/Soft)
the palate divides the nasal cavity and the oral cavity, with the hard palate positioned anteriorly and the soft palate posteriorly. It forms both the roof of the mouth and the floor of the nasal cavity
Nasal Cavity (Uvula)
During swallowing, the soft palate and the uvula move together to close off the nasopharynx, and prevent food from entering the nasal cavity. It has also been proposed that the abundant amount of thin saliva produced by the uvula serves to keep the throat well lubricated
Nasal Cavity (Vestibule)
most anterior part of the nasal cavity. It is enclosed by the cartilages of nose and lined by the same epithelium of the skin (stratified squamous, keratinized
Nasal Septum (Histo)
Nasal mucosa
Nasal concha (Histo)
Nasopharynx
ET: Ciliated pseudostratified columnar
F: large particles can’t make it and become trapped when in 90 degree position; only an air passageway
portion of the pharynx that is posterior to the nasal cavity and extends inferiorly to the uvula.
What epithelial tissue?
What function?
Oropharynx
ET: stratified squamous epithelium because more friction is placed here so more layers are needed
F: Carries food and air
the part of the pharynx that lies between the soft palate and the hyoid bone.
What epithelial tissue?
Function?
Laryngopharynx
ET: stratified squamous epithelium
F: passageway for both food and air
where both food and air pass. It can be found between the hyoid bone and the larynx and esophagus, which helps guide food and air where to go
Epithelial tissue?
Function?
Pharyngeal, Tuball, Palatine, and Lingual Tonsils
What are the 4 tonsils from the lymphatic system?
Larynx (Epiglottis)
Elastic cartilage
a flap of tissue that sits beneath the tongue at the back of the throat. Its main function is to close over the windpipe (trachea) while you’re eating to prevent food entering your airway.
What cartilage is this structure composed of?
Thyroid cartilage
a hyaline cartilage structure that sits in front of the larynx and above the thyroid gland. The cartilage is composed of two halves, which meet in the middle at a peak called the laryngeal prominence, also called the Adam’s apple.
Cricoid cartilage
part of the larynx (just below the pharynx), and sits on a level plane just below the thyroid gland and thyroid cartilage. It is a circular piece of hyaline cartilage which wraps completely around the trachea, providing a place of attachment for various ligaments, muscles and other cartilage
Arytenoid cartilages
Hyaline cartilage
paired pyramid-shaped structures of cartilage found in the larynx, which are essential to the production of vocal sound. They are located on the lateral part of the superior border of the lamina of the cricoid cartilage and help form the cricoarytenoid joints.
Type of cartilages?
Thyrohyoid membrane
a wide and fibrous layer of tissue that connects the thyroid cartilage to the hyoid bone
Cricothyroid ligament
connects the thyroid cartilage with the arch of the cricoid cartilage.
Cricotracheal ligament
Connects the cricoid cartilage to the trachea.
Vestibular folds
The vestibular folds (false vocal cords) lie superiorly to the true vocal cords. They consist of the vestibular ligament (free lower edge of the quadrangular membrane) covered by a mucous membrane, and are pink in colour. They are fixed folds, which act to provide protection to the larynx.
True vocal cords
the thickened, free edge of the cricovocal membrane, the cricovocal ligament, lined by mucous membrane 1. Together they form part of the glottis, the V-shaped aperture through which air passes.
Trachea (Cartilage rings)
In the trachea, or windpipe, there are tracheal rings, also known as tracheal cartilages. Cartilage is strong but flexible tissue. The tracheal cartilages help support the trachea while still allowing it to move and flex during breathing.
Trachea (Carina)
mucous membrane of carina is sensitive to foreign bodies that fall down the trachea and causes a cough reflex
A ridge at the base of the trachea (windpipe) that separates the openings of the right and left main bronchi (the large air passages that lead from the trachea to the lungs).
What is function?