Joints Flashcards
Synarthrotic
classification of function of joint; completely immobile
ex. sutures in skull, common in axial skeleton
Amphiarthrotic
classification of function of joint; slightly movable
ex. common in axial, pubic symphysis, and intervertebral cartilaginous joint
Diarthrotic
classification of function of joint; freely movable
can be further divided into uniaxial, biaxial, and multiaxial
ex. ball in socket joint of shoulder and hips are multiaxial, elbow is uniaxial, and metacarpalphalangeal joints would be example of biaxial
Fibrous joints
structural classification of joints; united by fibrous connective tissue.(dense regular connective tissue)
Sutures
a type of fibrous joint that tightly binds the bones with a minimal amount of fibrous tissue
“synarthrotic”
bones in the skull
Syndesmoses
fibrous joint that joins articulating bones by long strands of dense refular connective tissue;
allows for slight movement so it is amphiarthrotic;
occurs between radius and ulna and tibia and fibula
Gomphoses
“peg in a socket”, only gomphoses in humans are the articulations of the roots of individual teeth with the sockets of the mandible and maxillae;
“synarthrotic”
Cartilaginous joints
a structural classification of joints; united by cartilage
Synchondroses
a cartilaginous joint that articulates bones by hyaline cartilage;
“synarthrotic’;
ex. connection of first rib and sternum and epiphyseal plate
Symphyses
a cartilaginous joint that is united through fibrocartilage, and is utilized as a shock compressor;
“amphiarthrotic”
ex. pubic symphysis and intervertebral joints
Synovial joints
most abundant structural classification of joints; bones are articulated through a joint cavity.
ex. the elbow joint (hinge joint), glenohumeral joint (ball and socket), and the knee joint (hinge joint)
“diarthrotic”
6 types of synovial joints
Pubic symphysis
functional classification: amphiarthrotic
structural classification: cartilaginous joint (symphyses)
Temperomandibular Joint
Functional classification: diarthrotic
Structural classification: synovial joint
plane + hinge
Glenohumeral joint
functional classification: multiaxial diarthrotic
structural classification: synovial ball and socket joint
Knee joint
functional classification: diarthrotic
structural classification: both synovial hinge and synovial plane at patellofemeral joint; synovial hinge at tibiofemeral joint
Medial/lateral meniscus
pads that partially stabilize the joint mediall and laterally, act as cushions between articular surfaces, and continuously change shape to conform to the articulating surfaces as the femur moves
Anterior cruciate ligament
runs from the posterior femur to the anterior side of the tibia
Posterior cruciate ligament
runs from the anteroinferior femur to the posterior side of the tibia
Tibial (medial) collateral ligament
reinforces medial surface of the knee joint; runs from femur to the tibia and prevents hyperabduction of the leg at the knee
Fibular (lateral) collateral ligament
reinforces lateral surface of the joint; ligament runs from the femur to the fibula and prevents hyperadduction of the leg at the knee
Quadricepts tendon
holds kneecap in place and is superior the patella
Patella ligament
inferior to patella and continues to attachment of tibial tuberosity of tibia
