Integumentary System

Question 1

Hair root

Answer 1

portion of hair deep to the skin surface

Question 2

Eccrine gland

Answer 2

also known as merocrine sweat glands; produce nonviscious, watery secretion - controlled by nervous system and provide some antibacterial protection; function in thermoregulation and excretion; flush surface of epidermis

distirbuted throughout body; especially prevalent on palms, soles, and forehead

Question 3

Sebacceous gland

Answer 3

associated with hair follicles; produce lipid material called sebum, which coats epidermis and shaft of hair; provide lubrication and antibacterial activity.

Question 4

Hair shaft

Answer 4

portion of hair that extends beyond the skin surface; consists of dead epithelial cells

Question 5

Stratum lucidum

Answer 5

a thin, translucent region about two to three cell layers thick that is superficial to stratum granulosum; clear layer

(only in thick skin i.e palms and soles of feet)

Question 6

Melanin

Answer 6

pigment that gives human skin, hair, and eyes their color; provides protection from UV radiation from sun.

Question 7

Stratum granulosome

Answer 7

consists of 3 to 5 laters of keratinocytes superficial to the stratum spinosum; within this stratum is when keratinization occurs and cells begin to die to form a tightly interlocked layer of keratin fibers sandwiched between thickened phospholipid membranes.

Question 8

Meissner’s corpuscle

Answer 8

localized in dermis between epidermal ridges; touch receptors and enriched in fingers and toes

Question 9

Arrector pili

Answer 9

thin ribbons of smooth muscle that extend from the dermal papillae to the mid-region of the hair follicles.

muscles are usually stimulated in response to an emotional state or cold temperatures; muslces contract and elevate hairs

Question 10

Stratum spinosum

Answer 10

several layers of polygonal keratinocytes; cell differentiation into nondividing, highly specialized cells begins at this layer.

Question 11

Stratum basale

Answer 11

the deepest layer; layer of cells range from cuboidal to low columnar in appearance.

tightly attached to an underlying basement membrane that separates the epidermis from the connective tissue of the dermis.

Question 12

Epidermis (Histology)

Answer 12

a keratinized, stratifoed squamous epithelium; the epithelium of the integument

avascular, and it aquires its nutrients through diffusion from the underlying dermis.

Question 13

Pacinian (lamellar) corpuscle

Answer 13

onion like sktructures in the dermis and hypodermisl; contain a myelinated nerve ending in the central core of the structure.

pacinian corpuscles are sensitive to mechanical and vibratory pressure.

Question 14

Dermal papilla

Answer 14

projections of dermis toward the epidermis; interlock with deep projections of epidermis called epidermal ridges.

“two sets of egg crate foam stacked on top of one another”

Question 15

Papilla (Hair)

Answer 15

located at epithelium at base of bulb; composed of a small amount of connective tissue containing tiny blood vessels and nerves.

Question 16

Hair bulb

Answer 16

consists of epithelial cells and is a swelling at the base where the hair originates in the dermis.

Question 17

Dermis (Histology)

Answer 17

thick layer of living tissue just below the epidermis which forms the true skin, containing blood capillaries, nerve endings, sweat glands, hair folliicles, and other structures.

Question 18

Stratum corneum

Answer 18

most superficial layer of epidermis; stratum you see when you look at your skin and consists of about 20 to 30 layers of dead, scaly, interlocking keratinized cells called corneocytes

Question 19

Papillary layer

Answer 19

superficial region of dermis directly adjacent to epidermis; dermal papillae and epidermal ridges interlock with one another and together increase the area of contact between the epidermis and dermis.

Question 20

Follicle

Answer 20

an oblique tube that surround the root hair; extends into the dermis and sometimes into the subcutaneous layer.

two principal concentric layers:

1. connective tissue root sheath
2. epethelial root sheath

Question 21

Hair matrix

Answer 21

involved in a special type of keratinzation that contributes to hair production; epithelial cells near the center of the hair matrix divide, producing new cells that are gradually pushed toward the surface.

Question 22

Reticular layer

Answer 22

deeper, major portion of dermis, and extends from thin, overlying papillary layer to underlying subcutaneous layer.

large bundles of collagen fibers that are interwoven to form meshwork that surrounds structures in dermis

Question 23

Hypodermis

Answer 23

also known as the subcutaneous layer; not considered part of integument

consists of both areolar CT and adipose CT. connective tissues of reticular layer are extensively interwoven with those of the subcutaneous layer to stabilize the position of skin and bind it to the underlying tissues.

pads and protects the body and its parts, acts as an energy reservoirm and provides themal insulation