Endocrine System Flashcards
Pituitary gland (Hypophysis)
a small pea-sized gland that plays a major role in regulating vital body functions and general wellbeing. It is referred to as the body’s ‘master gland’ because it controls the activity of most other hormone-secreting glands.
Adrenohypophysis
the anterior part of the pituitary gland that is derived from the embryonic pharynx and is primarily glandular in nature. — called also anterior lobe, anterior pituitary
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), metabolic rate
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-signals adrenal cortex to release stress hormones (glucocorticoids)
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Growth Hormone (GH) (a.k.a. somatotropic hormone/ somatotropin)-body growth
Prolactin (milk production)
Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)-darkens skin; only in fetus.
What are the 7 hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary?
Anterior Pituitary (Basophils)
Anterior Pituitary (Acidophiles)
Anterior Pituitary (Chromophobes)
Anterior Pituitary (Infundibulum)
Neurohypophysis
the posterior lobe of the hypophysis (pituitary gland), which stores and releases oxytocin and vasopressin produced in the hypothalamus.
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH; a.k.a. vasopressin)-targets kidneys and arterioles to regulate fluid volume and blood pressure
Oxytocin-uterine contraction and milk secretion
What two hormones are secreted by the posterior pituitary?
Thyroid Gland
a butterfly-shaped organ located in the base of your neck. It releases hormones that control metabolism—the way your body uses energy.
Thyroid Gland (Lateral lobes)
Thyroid Gland (Isthmus)
Thyroid Gland (Follicular cells)
thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3).
What hormone is secreted?
Thyroid Gland (Parafollicular cells)
Calcitonin-depresses blood calcium levels (via osteoclasts and kidney function).
Thyroid Gland (Colloid Filled Follicles)
Parathyroid glands
release parathyroid hormone (PTH) which controls the calcium levels in the blood stream.
four small glands of the endocrine system which regulate the calcium in our bodies. Parathyroid glands are located in the neck behind the thyroid where they continuously monitor and regulate blood calcium levels
what hormone is secreted here?
Pancreas (Tail)
Pancreas
an organ located in the abdomen. It plays an essential role in converting the food we eat into fuel for the body’s cells. The pancreas has two main functions: an exocrine function that helps in digestion and an endocrine function that regulates blood sugar.
Pancreas (Head)
Pancreas (Body)
Pancreas (Islet)
Pineal Body
secretes melatonin
endocrine gland found in vertebrates that is the source of melatonin, a hormone derived from tryptophan that plays a central role in the regulation of circadian rhythm
What hormone is secreted here?
Adrenal glands
small glands located on top of each kidney. They produce hormones that you can’t live without, including sex hormones and cortisol
Adrenal glands (Adrenal cortex)
produces hormones that are vital to life, such as cortisol (which helps regulate metabolism and helps your body respond to stress) and aldosterone (which helps control blood pressure).
What hormone is secreted here?
Adrenal glands (Adrenal medulla)
produces nonessential (that is, you don’t need them to live) hormones, such as adrenaline (which helps your body react to stress).
What hormone is secreted here?
Adrenal glands (Zona glomerulosa)
Adrenal glands (Zona fasiculata)
Adrenal glands (Zona reticularis)
Ovaries
Exocrine: eggs
Endocrine: produce gonadal hormones (steroids)
Estrogen
Progesterone
the female gonads — the primary female reproductive organs. These glands have three important functions: they secrete hormones, they protect the eggs a female is born with and they release eggs for possible fertilization
What hormone is secreted here?
Testes
exocrine: sperm
endocrine: gonadal hormones (steroids)
Sertoli Cells - secrete inhibin (inhibits FSH secretion)
Interstilal Cells (Leydig Cells) - secretes androgens; primarily testosterone and estrogen
an organ which produces spermatozoa (male reproductive cells).
what hormone is secreted here?
Ovaries (Histology)
Testes (Histology)
Beta cells
insulin
a type of cell found in pancreatic islets that synthesize and secrete insulin and amylin. Beta cells make up 50–70% of the cells in human islets. In patients with Type I Diabetes, beta-cell mass and function are diminished, leading to insufficient insulin secretion and hyperglycemia.
what hormone is secreted here?
Alpha cells
glucagon
endocrine cells in the pancreatic islets of the pancreas. They make up to 20% of the human islet cells synthesizing and secreting the peptide hormone glucagon, which elevates the glucose levels in the blood.
what hormone is secreted here?
