Heart Flashcards
space known as the mediastinum
Heart is located in the …. , center of the thoracic cavity
Apex
inferior tip of the heart
Base
The part of the heart formed mainly by the left atrium and to a lesser extent by the posterior part of the right atrium, directed backward and to the right, and separated from the vertebral column by the esophagus and aorta.
Myocardium
middle layer of heart wall composed of cardiac muscle tissue; generates force necessary to pump blood
Endocardium
covers the internal surface of the heart chambers and the external surfaces of the heart valves
Epicardium
outermost heart layer and is composed of a serous membrane and areolar connective tissue
Parietal pericardium
The outer layer of the pericardium which is a conical sac of fibrous tissue that surrounds the heart and the roots of the great blood vessels
Pericardial cavity
thin space between the parietal and visceral layers of the serous pericardium
Systemic circulation
carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle, through the arteries, to the capillaries in the tissues of the body. From the tissue capillaries, the deoxygenated blood returns through a system of veins to the right atrium of the heart.
Pulmonary circulation
moves blood between the heart and the lungs. It transports deoxygenated blood to the lungs to absorb oxygen and release carbon dioxide. The oxygenated blood then flows back to the heart
Ventricles - Papillary muscles
are muscles located in the ventricles of the heart. They attach to the cusps of the atrioventricular valves (also known as the mitral and tricuspid valves) via the chordae tendineae and contract to prevent inversion or prolapse of these valves on systole (or ventricular contraction).
Atria - Pectinate muscle
parallel ridges in the walls of the atria of the heart. They are so-called because of their resemblance to the teeth of a comb as in pecten
Atria - Auricles (Ear)
The left auricle, also known as the left atrial appendage (LAA), is actually a small, muscular pouch at the upper corner of the left atrium. It collects oxygenated blood as it leaves the lungs and moves the blood into the left ventricle
Ventricles - Trabeculae carneae
The trabeculae carneae (columnae carneae, or meaty ridges), are rounded or irregular muscular columns which project from the inner surface of the right and left ventricle of the heart.
Left ventricle
thickest of the heart’s chambers and is responsible for pumping oxygenated blood to tissues all over the body
Ventricles - Chordae tendinae
The chordae tendineae (tendinous cords), colloquially known as the heart strings, are tendon-resembling fibrous cords of connective tissue that connect the papillary muscles to the tricuspid valve and the mitral valve in the heart.
Ventricles - Interventricular septum
the stout wall separating the ventricles, the lower chambers of the heart, from one another.
Right ventricle
most anterior of the four heart chambers. It receives deoxygenated blood from the right atrium (RA) and pumps it into the pulmonary circulation. During diastole, blood enters the right ventricle through the atrioventricular orifice through an open tricuspid valve (
Valves - Tricuspid valve (Rt AV Valve)
one of the two main valves on the right side of your heart. Normally, the tricuspid valve has three flaps (leaflets) that open and close, allowing blood to flow from the right atrium to the right ventricle in your heart and preventing blood from flowing backward.
Valves - Bicuspid valve (Mitral valve/L AV Valve)
A bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is an aortic valve that only has two leaflets, instead of three. The aortic valve regulates blood flow from the heart into the aorta
Valves - Pulmonary semilunar valve
The pulmonary valve (sometimes referred to as the pulmonic valve) is the semilunar valve of the heart that lies between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery and has three cusps.
Valves - Aortic semilunar valve
a door between the left ventricle and the aorta. Blood flows to the heart through the right atrium and right ventricle to go to the lungs. After the lungs, the blood returns to the left atrium and the left ventricle.
Vessels - Superior vena cava and Inferior vena cava
The superior vena cava delivers blood from the head and chest area to the heart, while the inferior vena cava returns blood from the lower body regions to the heart
Vessels - Ascending aorta
a portion of the aorta commencing at the upper part of the base of the left ventricle, on a level with the lower border of the third costal cartilage behind the left half of the sternum.
Vessels - Pulmonary trunk
the solitary arterial output from the right ventricle, transporting deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation.
Vessels - Descending aorta
The descending aorta starts after the arch of the aorta and ends by splitting into two great arteries (the common iliac arteries) that go to the legs.
Vessels - R and L Pulmonary Arteries
The main pulmonary artery splits into the right and the left main pulmonary artery.[1] The left main pulmonary artery is shorter and somewhat smaller than the right, passes horizontally in front of the descending aorta and left bronchus to the root of the left lung. Above, the left main pulmonary artery is connected to the concavity of the proximal descending aorta by the ligamentum arteriosum
Vessels - Aortic arch
the portion of the main artery that bends between the ascending and descending aorta. It leaves the heart and ascends, then descends back to create the arch. The aorta distributes blood from the left ventricle of the heart to the rest of the body
Vessels - R and L Pulmonary Veins (2 ea)
the four pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from both lungs and drain into the left atrium, as follows: (a) the right superior pulmonary vein drains the right upper and middle lobes; (b) the left superior pulmonary vein drains the left upper lobe and lingula; and (c) the two inferior pulmonary veins drain the lower lobes.
Vessles - Coronary sinus
a collection of veins joined together to form a large vessel that collects blood from the heart muscle (myocardium). It delivers less-oxygenated blood to the right atrium, as do the superior and inferior venae cavae
Arteries - Left coronary artery
one of two coronary vessels (heart vessels) that supply blood to the heart muscle. It arises from the left aortic sinus of the ascending aorta. It lies mainly between the pulmonary trunk and the auricle of the left atrium.
no veins traveling with artery; travels in coronary sulcus
Arteries - Anterior interventricular artery
stems from the left coronary artery at the superior end of the anterior interventricular sulcus. It courses obliquely and anteroinferiorly along the anterior surface of the heart towards its apex, within the anterior interventricular sulcus.
great cardiac vein travels with artery; travels in anterior interventricular sulcus
Arteries - Circumflex artery
one of the two major coronary arteries that arise from the bifurcation of the left main coronary artery (the other branch being the left anterior descending (LAD) artery).
great cardiac vein and coronary sinus travel with artery; travels within coronary sulcus
Arteries - Right coronary artery
supplies blood to the right ventricle, the right atrium, and the SA (sinoatrial) and AV (atrioventricular) nodes, which regulate the heart rhythm. The right coronary artery divides into smaller branches, including the right posterior descending artery and the acute marginal artery.
no vein traveling with artery; travels within coronary sulcus
Arteries - Posterior interventricular artery
artery runs in the posterior (inferior) interventricular sulcus. Its main function is to supply the diaphragmatic (inferior) surface of the myocardium and interventricular sulcus of the heart.
middle cardiac vein traveling with artery; travels within the posterior interventricular sulcus
Fetal circulation
What are the prime differences?
Umbilicus - Umbilical arteries
usually paired and carries deoxygenated blood from the foetus to the placenta. The arteries are a direct continuation of the internal iliac arteries and they pass initially inferiorly and latterly as it passes the bladder before turning medially to enter the aorta.
“carries blood low in oxygen”
Umbilicus - Umbilical vein
supplies oxygenated blood from the placenta to the foetus. It is approximately 2-3cm long and 4-5mm diameter. From the umbilicus it joins the left branch of the portal vein after giving off several intrahepatic branches and continues on to the inferior vena cava by way of a vessel called the ductus venosus.
“carries blood that is most oxygenated”
Umbilicus - Foramen ovale
a hole between the left and right atria (upper chambers) of the heart. This hole exists in everyone before birth, but most often closes shortly after being born. PFO is what the hole is called when it fails to close naturally after a baby is born
Umbilicus - Ductus arteriosus
a blood vessel in the developing fetus connecting the trunk of the pulmonary artery to the proximal descending aorta.
After birth - Ligamentum arteriosus
a fibrous remnant of the fetal ductus arteriosus
After birth - Fossa ovalis
a depression in the right atrium of the heart, at the level of the interatrial septum, the wall between right and left atrium. The fossa ovalis is the remnant of a thin fibrous sheet that covered the foramen ovale during fetal development.
