Brain Flashcards
Superior sagittal sinus
lies in the superior convex margin of the falx cerebri;The superior sagittal sinus drains blood from cortical veins of the cerebral hemispheres, veins of the falx cerebri and meninges, diploic veins of the skull and emissary veins from the scalp
Cerebrum - Optic chiasma
allows visual cortex to receive the same hemispheric visual field from both eyes
Meninges - Pia mater
meningeal envelope that firmly adheres to the surface of the brain and spinal cord. It is a very thin membrane composed of fibrous tissue covered on its outer surface by a sheet of flat cells thought to be impermeable to fluid
The sinuses are hollow spaces in the skull and the face bones around your nose; primarily made of up cartilage and they’re lined with soft, pink tissue called mucosa. Normally, the sinuses are empty except for a thin layer of mucus.
What are sinuses of the skull? What are its walls made of?
Cerebrum - Corpus Callosum
largest of white tracts that connects the two hemispheres; provides the main communications links between hemispheres
Transverse sinus
two areas beneath the brain which allow blood to drain from the back of the head. They run laterally in a groove along the interior surface of the occipital bone.
Cerebrum - Gray matter
major component of CNS that contains neuronal cells, dendrites and unmyelinated axons, glial cells, and capillaries
Diencephalon - Thalamus
small structure in center of brain that acts as a relay center for sensory and motor function
Cerebrum - White matter
contains myelinated axons and glia; modulates the distribution of action potentials, acting as a relay and coordinating communication between different brain regions
Cerebellum - Arbor vitae
cerebellar white matter; brings sensory and motor information to and from the cerebellum
Cerebrum - Sulcus
shallow groove that surrounds a gyrus
Inferior sagittal sinus
dural venous sinus that drains venous blood from the brain into the straight sinus
Meninges - Tentorium cerebelli
the second-largest dural reflection, is a crescent-shaped dura fold that extends over the posterior cranial fossa, separating the occipital and temporal cerebral hemisphere from the cerebellum and infratentorial brainstem
Cerebrum - Optic nerve
the pathway that carries the nerve impulses from each eye to the various structures in the brain that analyze these visual signals
Cerebrum - Olfactory bulb
found on inferior side of cerebral hemispheres; responsible for sense of smell
Meninges - Falx cerebri
large, crescent-shaped fold of meningeal layer of dura mater that descends vertically in the longitudinal fissure between the cerebral hemispheres of the human brain.
Cerebrum - Longitudional fissure
deep groove that separates the two cerebral hemispheres of the vertebrate brain
Diencephalon - Hypothalamus
region of the forebrain located below the thalamus, forming the basal portion of the diencephalon, and functioning to regulate body temperature, some metabolic processes, and the autonomic nervous system.
Meninges - Diaphragma sellae (covers pituitary gland over the sella turcica)
flat piece of dura mater with a circular hole allowing the vertical passage of the pituitary stalk. It retains thepituitary gland beneath it in the fossa hypophyseos as it almost completely roofs the fossa hypophyseos of the sella turcica
Cerebellum - Vermis
involved in cardiovascular regulation during movement and posture changes; located in the medial, cortico-nuclear zone of the cerebellum
Brainstem - Pons (Fourth ventricle)
largest part of the brainstem, located above the medulla and below the midbrain. It is a group of nerves that function as a connection between the cerebrum and cerebellum
Brainstem - Midbrain (Cerebral aqueduct)
contains cerebral spinal fluid and connects the third ventricle to the fourth ventricle
Diencephalon - Pineal body
only unpaired midline brain structure; located behind the third ventricle and is bathed in cerebrospinal fluid supplied through a small pineal recess of the third ventricle.
Brainstem - Midbrain (Corpus quadrigemina)
Superior aspect
reflex centers involving vision and hearing; located on the dorsal aspect of the midbrain
Cerebrum - Gyrus
ridge like elevation found on the surface of the cerebral cortex
Meninges - Falx cerebelli
small sickle shaped fold of dura mater, projecting forwards into the posterior cerebellar notch as well as projecting into the vallecula of the cerebellum between the two cerebellar hemispheres
Diencephalon - Third ventricle
located insde the thalamus; slitlike cavity located in diencephalon
Cerebellum - Folia
folds or gyri of the cerebellum
Cerebrum - Olfactory tract
connects the olfactory bulb with the olfactory hemispheres
Cerebrum - Lateral ventricles
largest ventricles of the brain; contains cerebrospinal fluid
Diencephalon - Pituitary gland (hypophysis)
major role in regulating vital body functions and general wellbeing; controls the activity of most other hormone secreting glands
Straight sinus
an area within the skull beneath the brain that receives venous blood. The straight sinus receives blood from the superior cerebellar veins and inferior sagittal sinus and drains into the confluence of sinuses
Meninges - Dura mater
outermost layer of the meninges, lying directly underneath the bones of the skull and vertebral column. It is thick, tough and inextensible.
Cerebrum - Cortex
thin layer of the brain that covers the outer portion
Cerebrum - Optic tract
continuation of optic nerve of both eyes; joins optic nerve to hypothalamus
Cerebrum - Lobes
5 Anatomically distinct lobes that the cerebral hemispheres are divided into
Frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, and insula is 5th lobe that is not visible
Meninges - Arachnoid mater
middle layer of the meninges, lying directly underneath the dura mater. It consists of layers of connective tissue, is avascular, and does not receive any innervation
Brainstem - Medulla oblongata
lower half of the brainstem that’s continuous with the spinal cord; contains the cardiac, respiratory, vomitting, and vasomotor centers regulating heart rate, breathing, and blood pressure
Brainstem - Midbrain (Corpus quadrigemina)
Inferior aspect
reflex centers involving vision and hearing; located on the dorsal aspect of the midbrain
