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Respiratory System Flashcards

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1
Q

What is breathing?

A

The exchange of respiratory gasses between an organism and its environment.

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2
Q

Which gas is inhaled and which is exhaled?

A

Oxygen is inhaled and CO2 is exhaled.

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3
Q

Why is cellular respiration important?

A

It makes ATP. Oxygen is used in this process.

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4
Q

Why is oxygen important to your cells?

A

Every cell needs oxygen every single second.

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5
Q

What is gas transport?

A

The movement of gasses to and from cells.

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6
Q

What is the path of the oxygen?

A 
Nostrils 
nasal cavities
pharynx
glottis
larynx
trachea
bronchus
bronchioles
lungs
diaphragm
alveolus
blood stream
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7
Q

What organ do we use to breathe?

A

Lungs.

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8
Q

What is a waste product of respiration?

A

CO2 which is taken out of your body.

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9
Q

What are nostrils?

A

The part of the body where the air comes in.

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10
Q

What are nasal cavities made of?

A

Cartilage.

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11
Q

What do the the nasal cavities make?

A

Mucous.

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12
Q

What is the function of the nasal cavities?

A

They warm the air to body temperature and trap impurities with the mucous and cilia.

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13
Q

What doesn’t happen when one breathes through their mouth?

A

The air doesn’t pass through the nasal cavities and therefore isn’t filtered, humidified or warmed.

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14
Q

What is the pharynx?

A

A path for oxygen that is also a part of the digestive system.

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15
Q

What is the function of the epiglottis?

A

Prevents you from choking by covering the glottis when you are swallowing (which leads to the larynx then to the trachea)

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16
Q

Where do we want the food to go down and where does it go when we choke?

A

We want the food to go down the esophagus but there is the chance that it will go down the trachea and get stuck.

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17
Q

Can you breathe and swallow at the same time?

A

No you can’t because of the epiglottis covering the glottis. (Air doesn’t go through the glottis when it is covered)

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18
Q

What is the glottis?

A

An opening for the larynx.

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19
Q

What is the larynx?

A

Larynx is voice box/ adam’s apple, containing the vocal chords. They make one speak when the air goes through and makes the vocal chords vibrate.

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20
Q

What is the trachea?

A

A tube that leads to the lungs that gets food stuck in it (Choking). The common name is the windpipe. Cartilage makes the trachea stronger.

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21
Q

What is the bronchus?

A

Two branches of trachea that further divide into bronchioles. The C-shaped cartilage here makes the structure stronger to maintain an open airway.

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22
Q

What are the bronchioles?

A

The 1000’s of tubes that branch out from the bronchus in the lungs. THEY ALSO HAVE CARTILAGE TO MAKE IT STRONGER TO KEEP AN OPEN AIRWAY.

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23
Q

What are the lungs?

A

We breathe with lungs.

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24
Q

What is the diaphragm?

A

A large muscle that denotes the end of the thorax and beginning of the abdomen. It helps to inhale and exhale.

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25
Q

What are alveoli?

A

Air sacs that exchange the oxygen with CO2 and eventually relocate the oxygen to the bloodstream. The CO2 leaves the bloodstream and goes to the air cells.

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26
Q

How many sacs are on the end of a bronchiole?

A

About 20, and millions are in a lung.

27
Q

What are the alveoli connected to?

A

Capillaries and the arteries are connected to the alveoli and move the O2.

28
Q

How much surface area is there for the alveoli?

A

The surface area is extensive.

29
Q

How much of the oxygen goes into the bloodstream when we breathe?

A

25% goes into our bloodstream while the other 75 % exits.

30
Q

What are the function of the alveoli?

A

They get 25 % of the oxygen that enters the body and puts into the bloodstream.

31
Q

What is emphysema?

A

The walls between the alveoli break down and a person has one alveolus instead of 20 at the end of a bronchiole. This results from smoking and in breathing problems due to the decreased surface area.

32
Q

What shape is the diaphragm when it is relaxed?

A

Dome shaped.

33
Q

What shape is the diaphragm when it is in use (contracted)?

A

Flat.

34
Q

What is the function of the rib muscles?

A

Help the diaphragm pump up and down. The ribs expand when we inhale and goes back down when we exhale.

35
Q

What are the two parts to breathing?

A

Inhalation and exhalation.

36
Q

What are the steps to inhalation?

A
  1. Contraction of diaphragm and rib muscles
  2. Increase the volume of the chest cavity.
  3. The lungs expand.
  4. Partial vacuum makes the air pressure drop in the lungs.
37
Q

What happens during contraction?

A

The diaphragm contracts and is flat. This increases the volume of the chest cavity.

38
Q

What happens during step 2 of inhalation?

A

The chest cavity gets bigger and the lungs expand.

39
Q

What happens during step 3 of inhalation?

A

The Lungs get bigger and more air can get in.

40
Q

What happens during step 4 of inhalation?

A

A partial vacuum sucks in air that makes more O2 molecules get into the lungs.

41
Q

What are the steps to exhalation?

A
  1. Relaxation of the diaphragm and rib muscles
  2. Decrease volume of chest cavity.
  3. Lungs get smaller
  4. Positive pressure pushes air out.
42
Q

What happens during relaxation?

A

The diaphragm takes on a dome shape and the rib muscle relax.

43
Q

What happens as a result of relaxation?

A

The volume of the chest cavity decreases.

44
Q

What happens when the lungs get smaller?

A

The lungs create a positive pressure.

45
Q

What happens when the positive pressure is created?

A

The air is pushed out from the lungs.

46
Q

What happens to our breath when we are playing sports vs. sleeping?

A

heavy, fast breathing vs. slow light breathing.

47
Q

What is control of breathing?

A

The correlation between the amount of CO2 and the stimulation of the medulla oblongata.

48
Q

What is the part of the brain that controls the breathing?

A

The Medulla Oblongata

49
Q

When is the Medulla Oblongata being stimulated?

A

Always.

50
Q

What is the external result when there is a strong simulation?

A

Fast breathing.

51
Q

What is the external result when there is a medium simulation?

A

Medium breathing.

52
Q

What is the external result when there is a weak simulation?

A

Slow breathing. (sleeping)

53
Q

What stimulates breathing?

A

Carbon Dioxide

54
Q

How does more activity cause more stimulation?

A

The more active you are, the more cellular respiration there is occuring. When there is more respiration, there is more CO2 being created. The more carbon dioxide there is, the harder you breathe due to a higher stimulation of the medulla oblongata. ie. sports

55
Q

How does less activity cause less stimulation?

A

The less active you are, the less cellular respiration there is occuring. When there is less respiration, there is less CO2 being created. The less carbon dioxide there is, the lighter you breathe due to a lower stimulation of the medulla oblongata. ie. sleeping

56
Q

Why will you eventually need to breathe after holding your breath?

A

The carbon dioxide levels will increase inside your body without being released and that will stimulate the medulla oblongata.

57
Q

How does the oxygen get from the lungs to the cells?

A

Oxygen transport.

  1. Starts with Oxygen (O2)
  2. 25% of the O2 go into the bloodstream.
  3. This oxygen connects to the hemoglobin on the red blood cells to make oxyhemoglobin.
  4. The cells are reached.
  5. The chemicals are separated and the Hemoglobin goes back to the lung capillaries to get more oxygen.
  6. The oxygen does respiration in the cells.
58
Q

What are red blood cells?

A

Transport the oxygen, carrying the oxygen from lungs to the cell in the blood stream.

59
Q

What is hemoglobin?

A

The protein attached to the red blood cells that the oxygen attaches to get to the cells.

60
Q

What compound is created when Hemoglobin is attached to the oxygen?

A

Oxyhemoglobin (HbO2)

61
Q

What makes the color of the blood red?

A

Oxyhemoglobin.

62
Q

Where is oxyhemoglobin made?

A

Happens in the capillaries by the lungs and alveoli.

63
Q

How does carbon dioxide transport work?

A
  1. The CO2 diffuses from the cell and reacts with the water 2.(H2O) and CO2 becomes carbonic acid (H2CO3) for a fraction of a second.
  2. Hydrogen ions break off and leave HCO-3. This makes H2CO3 and goes to the lungs where the the H2O is broken off and goes back to the cells to get more CO2.
  3. The CO2 is dispelled from the lungs.

Science (21 decks)

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