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Families of Organic Compounds Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the first family of organic compounds?

A

Carbohydrates

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2
Q

What elements make up a carbohydrate?

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen.

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3
Q

What is the ratio of the hydrogen to the oxygen in terms of the number of molecules?

A

2:1

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4
Q

What is the first type of carbohydrate?

A

Monosaccharides

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5
Q

What is another name for a monosaccharide?

A

Simple sugars.

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6
Q

What does monosaccharide mean?

A

One sugar

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7
Q

What is an example of a monosaccharide?

A

Glucose

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8
Q

What is the chemical compostion of glucose?

A

C6H1206

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9
Q

How many carbon atoms does a monosaccharide have?

A

Anywhere from 3 to 7 carbon atoms

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10
Q

How many carbon atoms do most monosaccharides have?

A

5 atoms (pentose) or 6 atoms (hexose)

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11
Q

Why do our cells need carbohydrates?

A

Cells die without energy.

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12
Q

How do carbs work?

A

An enzyme called amalyze breaks down the carbs which have energy stored in them.

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13
Q

What is the second type of Carbohydrate?

A

Disaccharides

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14
Q

What is another name for disaccharides and polysaccharides?

A

Complex sugars.

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15
Q

What does disaccharide mean?

A

Two sugars.

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16
Q

How many monosacharides are in a disaccharide?

A

Two.

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17
Q

What are two examples of disaccharides?

A

Sucrose and lactose

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18
Q

What are the chemical compositions of sucrose and lactose?

A

C12H22O11

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19
Q

What is the third type of carbohydrate?

A

Polysaccharides

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20
Q

What does polysaccharide mean?

A

Many sugars

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21
Q

How many monosaccharides are in a polysaccharide?

A

Many. A Polysaccharide is a polymer of Monosaccharides.

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22
Q

What are examples of polysaccharides?

A

Cellulose, glycogen, and starches.

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23
Q

How many monosaccharides are in cellulose?

A

about 2000 units

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24
Q

What is the function of cellulose in life?

A

Cellulose makes up strong cell walls.

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25
Q

How many monosaccharides are in glycogen?

A

About 12-18 units.

26
Q

What is the function of glycogen?

A

Glycogen stores excess carbs in animals.

27
Q

Where is most of the glycogen located in the body?

A

the liver

28
Q

What are starches?

A

The complex carbs that store excess carbs in plants

29
Q

What makes a starch different from other carbs?

A

Starches have branching stems

30
Q

What is the second family of organic compounds?

A

lipids

31
Q

What elements make up a lipid?

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen.

32
Q

What is the ratio between Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen?

A

There is no ratio, but there are more hydrogen molecules in a lipid than in a Carbohydrate.

33
Q

What is the first type of lipid?

A

Fatty acids

34
Q

What is the chemical formula for a carboxyl group?

A

O

||

C-O-H

COOH or CO2H

35
Q

What is the chemical composition of a saturated fatty acid?

A

H H H H H H H H H O

H-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-O-H

| | | | | | | | |

H H H H H H H H H

| | | | | | | | ||

36
Q

What are the types of fatty acids?

A

Saturated fats, poly unsaturated fats, and unsaturated fat

37
Q

What is the chemical composition of a monosaccharide?

A

H H H H H H

H-C-C-C-C-C-C

| | || | | |

O O O O O O

| | | | |

H H H H H

| | | | |

38
Q

What are examples of a saturated fatty acid?

A

Butter and margerine

39
Q

What is the second type of fatty acid?

A

Unsaturated fatty acids.

40
Q

What is an example of an unsaturated fatty acid?

A

Corn oil.

41
Q

What is the chemical composition of an unsaturated fatty acid?

A

H H H H H H H O

H-C-C-C=C-C-C-C-C-C-O-H

| | | | | | | | |

H H H H H H H H H

| | | | | | ||

42
Q

What is an example of a poly unsaturated fatty acid?

A

nuts

43
Q

What is the chemical composition of a poly unsaturated fatty acid?

A

H H H H H O

H-C-C-C=C-C=C-C-C-C-O-H

| | | | | | | | |

H H H H H H H H H

| | | | ||

44
Q

What is the second type of lipid?

A

Fat

45
Q

What makes up a fat?

A

Three fatty acids and a glycerol.

46
Q

What is given out as waste when the fat is created?

A

H20

47
Q

What is the chemical composition of glycerol?

A

H H H

O O O

| | |

H-C-C-C-H

| | |

H H H

| |

48
Q

What is the third type of lipid?

A

Steriods

49
Q

What is an example of a steriod?

A

cholesterol

50
Q

What is one of the functions of a lipid?

A

To store energy

51
Q

What are steriods used for?

A

They are a part of the cell membrane

52
Q

What happens when there are too many or too less lipids n your body?

A

That is bad. There needs to be a balance.

53
Q

What type of steroid makes up a cell membrane?

A

Phospolipds

54
Q

What makes up a phospolipid?

A

Three phospate groups connected to a glycerol

55
Q

What is the third family of organic compounds?

A

Proteins

56
Q

What elements make up a protein?

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen.

57
Q

What is a polymer?

A

A long chain of repeating units

58
Q

What is a protein?

A

A polymer of amino acids

59
Q

How many amino acids are in a protein?

A

300-500

60
Q

What is the structure of an amino acid?

A

NH2

Science (21 decks)

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