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Science > Chapter Two Test Vocab > Flashcards

Chapter Two Test Vocab Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Unicellular

A

An organism made up of one cell (ex: bacteria)

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1
Q

Organisms

A

Living things that are very different but all share 6 of the same characteristics

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2
Q

Multicellular

A

An organism made up of more than one cell (ex: me)

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3
Q

Name the 6 characteristics of life

A

Made of cells Made of similar chemicals Uses energy Grows and develops Responds to the world around them Reproduces

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4
Q

Name the 4 basic needs of life

A

Need water Needs energy Needs living space Needs stable internal conditions

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5
Q

Development

A

The process of change during life to become a more complex organism

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6
Q

Stimulus

A

A change in an organism’s surroundings that causes the organism to react

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7
Q

Response

A

An action or change in behavior

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8
Q

Reproduce

A

To produce offspring that are similar to the parents

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9
Q

Growth

A

The process of becoming larger

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10
Q

Spontaneous generation

A

The mistaken idea that living organisms rise from non-living objects

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11
Q

Autotrophs

A

Organisms that get their energy from the sun

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12
Q

Heterotrophs

A

Organisms that get their energy from food

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13
Q

Homeostasis

A

Maintaining stable internal conditions

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14
Q

Francisco Redi

A

A scientist who helped disprove spontaneous generation

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15
Q

Louis Pasteur

A

The scientist who ultimately disproved spontaneous generation

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16
Q

State the 3 parts of the cell theory

A

1) All living things come from cells 2) All living things are made of cells 3) Cells are the basic unit of structure in all living things

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17
Q

Who was Robert Hooke?

A

•English scientist and inventor •One of the first people to observe cells •1663 he observed the cells of a slice of cork through a compound microscope he built himself •Hooke called them cells because they reminded him of tiny rectangular rooms

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18
Q

Who was Anton van Leuwenhoek?

A

•Amateur scientist who made his own lenses and constructed simple microscopes •First person to spot tiny single-celled organisms that we call bacteria. He first noticed these organisms on teeth scrapings. •Called them animacules.

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19
Q

Who were Schleiden and Shwan?

A

•Shleiden and Schwann’s observations that all plants were made of cells and all animals were made of cells led to: “All living things are made of cells.”

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20
Q

Who was Rudolph Virchow?

A

•Virchow proposed that new cells are formed ONLY from cells that already exist. This led to: “All cells come from cells.”

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21
Q

Cells

A

Basic unit of structure and function in all living things

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22
Q

Body of a microscope

A

Support the eyepiece

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23
Q

Nosepiece

A

Holds objective lenses, magnifies by low, medium, and high power.

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24
Q

Objectives

A

High- 40x Medium- 10x Low- 4x

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25
Q

Stage Clips

A

Holds the slide in place

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26
Q

Diaphragm

A

Wheel under stage, adjusts how much light is allowed

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27
Q

Light source

A

Located under stage and diaphragm, source of light

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28
Q

Eyepiece

A

The lens looked through, magnifies specimen 10 X

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29
Q

Aperture

A

Allows light through to brighten image of specimen

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30
Q

Stage

A

Supports the slide being used

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31
Q

Coarse adjustment knob

A

Moves body tube up and down

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32
Q

Fine adjustment knob

A

Focuses image of specimen

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33
Q

Base

A

Supports microscope

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34
Q

Magnification

A

The ability to make objects appear larger

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35
Q

Resolution

A

Clarity

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36
Q

Eukaryotes

A

Cell with a nucleus

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37
Q

Prokaryotes

A

Cells without a nucleus

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38
Q

Name a few differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes

A

Bacteria are much smaller in prokaryotes No nucleus No organelles except for ribosomes

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39
Q

Similarities between prokaryotes and eukaryotes

A

Has a cell wall Has a cell membrane

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40
Q

Organelle

A

Tiny cell structures that carry out specific functions in the cell

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41
Q

Cell membrane

A

Structure – plant cell: within the cell wall animal cell: outside boundry Function – controls which substances go in and out of the cell; substances travel through pores (holes) “selectively permeable”

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42
Q

Cell wall

A

A thick, rigid membrane made of a complex molecule named cellulose. It surrounds the plant cell and provides support and structure.

43
Q

Vacuole

A

Structure – water-filled sacs Function – store food, water, and other materials

44
Q

Lysosome

A

Function- Break down larger particles into smaller ones

45
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A

Structure – maze of passageways •Smooth ER – no ribosomes •Rough ER – ribosomes Function – carry proteins and other materials from one part of the cell to another.

46
Q

Nucleus

A

Function-Controls all cell activities Structure- oval structure in the middle of the cell

47
Q

Nucleolus

A

Function-where ribosomes are made Structure-inside nucleus

48
Q

Mitochondria

A

Structure – rod-shaped Function – provide most of the energy cells need to carry out its functions

49
Q

Golgi bodies

A

Structure – flattened sacs and tubes Function – receive proteins, package them for the job they need to do and deliver them to other parts of the cell

50
Q

Ribosomes

A

Structure – small grain-like bodies Function – produce proteins Made in the nucleolus

51
Q

Chloroplast

A

Structure – large, green Function – trap energy from sunlight and use it to produce food for the cell

52
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Structure – gel-like fluid; constantly moving Function – contains all cell organelles

53
Q

Living things that are very different but all share 6 of the same characteristics

A

Organisms

54
Q

An organism made up of one cell (ex: bacteria)

A

Unicellular

55
Q

An organism made up of more than one cell (ex: me)

A

Multicellular

56
Q

Made of cells Made of similar chemicals Uses energy Grows and develops Responds to the world around them Reproduces

A

Name the 6 characteristics of life

57
Q

Need water Needs energy Needs living space Needs stable internal conditions

A

Name the 4 basic needs of life

58
Q

The process of change during life to become a more complex organism

A

Development

59
Q

A change in an organism’s surroundings that causes the organism to react

A

Stimulus

60
Q

An action or change in behavior

A

Response

61
Q

To produce offspring that are similar to the parents

A

Reproduce

62
Q

The process of becoming larger

A

Growth

63
Q

The mistaken idea that living organisms rise from non-living objects

A

Spontaneous generation

64
Q

Organisms that get their energy from the sun

A

Autotrophs

65
Q

Organisms that get their energy from food

A

Heterotrophs

66
Q

Maintaining stable internal conditions

A

Homeostasis

67
Q

A scientist who helped disprove spontaneous generation

A

Francisco Redi

68
Q

The scientist who ultimately disproved spontaneous generation

A

Louis Pasteur

69
Q

1) All living things come from cells 2) All living things are made of cells 3) Cells are the basic unit of structure in all living things

A

State the 3 parts of the cell theory

70
Q

•English scientist and inventor •One of the first people to observe cells •1663 he observed the cells of a slice of cork through a compound microscope he built himself •Hooke called them cells because they reminded him of tiny rectangular rooms

A

Who was Robert Hooke?

71
Q

•Amateur scientist who made his own lenses and constructed simple microscopes •First person to spot tiny single-celled organisms that we call bacteria. He first noticed these organisms on teeth scrapings. •Called them animacules.

A

Who was Anton van Leuwenhoek?

72
Q

•Shleiden and Schwann’s observations that all plants were made of cells and all animals were made of cells led to: “All living things are made of cells.”

A

Who were Schleiden and Shwan?

73
Q

•Virchow proposed that new cells are formed ONLY from cells that already exist. This led to: “All cells come from cells.”

A

Who was Rudolph Virchow?

74
Q

Basic unit of structure and function in all living things

A

Cells

75
Q

Support the eyepiece

A

Body of a microscope

76
Q

Holds objective lenses, magnifies by low, medium, and high power.

A

Nosepiece

77
Q

High- 40x Medium- 10x Low- 4x

A

Objectives

78
Q

Holds the slide in place

A

Stage Clips

79
Q

Wheel under stage, adjusts how much light is allowed

A

Diaphragm

80
Q

Located under stage and diaphragm, source of light

A

Light source

81
Q

The lens looked through, magnifies specimen 10 X

A

Eyepiece

82
Q

Allows light through to brighten image of specimen

A

Aperture

83
Q

Supports the slide being used

A

Stage

84
Q

Moves body tube up and down

A

Coarse adjustment knob

85
Q

Focuses image of specimen

A

Fine adjustment knob

86
Q

Supports microscope

A

Base

87
Q

The ability to make objects appear larger

A

Magnification

88
Q

Clarity

A

Resolution

89
Q

Cell with a nucleus

A

Eukaryotes

90
Q

Cells without a nucleus

A

Prokaryotes

91
Q

Bacteria are much smaller in prokaryotes No nucleus No organelles except for ribosomes

A

Name a few differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes

92
Q

Has a cell wall Has a cell membrane

A

Similarities between prokaryotes and eukaryotes

93
Q

Tiny cell structures that carry out specific functions in the cell

A

Organelle

94
Q

Structure – plant cell: within the cell wall animal cell: outside boundry Function – controls which substances go in and out of the cell; substances travel through pores (holes) “selectively permeable”

A

Cell membrane

95
Q

A thick, rigid membrane made of a complex molecule named cellulose. It surrounds the plant cell and provides support and structure.

A

Cell wall

96
Q

Structure – water-filled sacs Function – store food, water, and other materials

A

Vacuole

97
Q

Function- Break down larger particles into smaller ones

A

Lysosome

98
Q

Structure – maze of passageways •Smooth ER – no ribosomes •Rough ER – ribosomes Function – carry proteins and other materials from one part of the cell to another.

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

99
Q

Function-Controls all cell activities Structure- oval structure in the middle of the cell

A

Nucleus

100
Q

Function-where ribosomes are made Structure-inside nucleus

A

Nucleolus

101
Q

Structure – rod-shaped Function – provide most of the energy cells need to carry out its functions

A

Mitochondria

102
Q

Structure – flattened sacs and tubes Function – receive proteins, package them for the job they need to do and deliver them to other parts of the cell

A

Golgi bodies

103
Q

Structure – small grain-like bodies Function – produce proteins Made in the nucleolus

A

Ribosomes

104
Q

Structure – large, green Function – trap energy from sunlight and use it to produce food for the cell

A

Chloroplast

105
Q

Structure – gel-like fluid; constantly moving Function – contains all cell organelles

A

Cytoplasm

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