Plants Flashcards
What is alternation of generation?
A process that all plants go through that results in 2 stages of adult life.
What is a sporophyte?
A sporophyte is something that reproduces asexually in order to make spores.
What is a gametophyte?
A gametophyte is something a sexual unit of reproduction. ie: sperm and egg
What is fertilization?
sperm cell fuses with the egg cells
What are the two types of adult generations?
gameteophytes and sporophytes
What happens during the sporophyte generation?
The spores are created
What happens after the adult sporophyte generation?
The spores travel through the air and land in soil.
WHat happens after the spores travel?
The gametophyte generation.
What happens during the gametophyte generation?
The spores are turned into gametes.
What happens after the gametophyte generation?
The egg is fetilized by the sperm.
What occurs from fertilization?
seeds in higher plants or adult sporophytes in lower plants
Do all plants have seeds?
no
Are the two generations in equal time?
No, the two generations are not equal in duration.
What is the “main plant”?
The generatin that is typically seen, the one that last longer.
What generation is dominant in trees?
Sporophyte generation
What generation is dominant in moss?
Gametophyte generation
What are some of the phylums in the kingdom plantae?
Bryophyta and tracheophyta.
What is in Phylum Byropyhta?
moss
Do moss reproduce sexually or asexually?
sexually
Does moss have roots stems and leaves?
No they are thallophytes
Where do moss live?
They live in moist and shady areas
Where are the sex organs in moss located?
at the top of the plant
What starts the process of moss growing?
lichens
What does monoecious mean?
one plant, two sexes, male parts (sperms), female parts (eggs)
What are three qualities of the Phylum Tracheophyta?
- sporophyte generation is dominant
- Roots, stems, and leaves
- xylem and phloem
What is diecious mean?
One plant has one sex
What is xylem?
system of transport for water
What is phloem?
transports food down to the root, toward hell.
Why do smaller plants not need xylem and phloem?
As plants get bigger, they need a more effective transportation system.
What are the classes of traceophyta?
Filicinae, Gymnosperms, angiosperms
What are filicinae?
Ferns
What is the leaf of the fern called?
Frond
What part of the fern is under the ground?
The horizontal rhizome and the roots (vertically underneath the rhizome)
How many species are there of ferns?
A substantial amount (about 10,000)
Where do ferns grow?
In temperate and tropical climates.
Where do ferns grow bigger?
The closer to the equator, the bigger the fern.
Do Gymnosperms have seeds?
Yes.
How many species of gymnosperms are there?
Relatively small (about 700 species).
What type of tree are most gymnosperms?
Conifers and evergreen trees.
How do gymnosperms grow over time?
They grow taller and wider. Two dimentional growth.
What are the leaves of a gymnosperm called?
Needles.
When do gymnosperms have needles?
All year (all the thyme).
What are the seeds of gymnosperms called?
Cones
How many groups of plants have cones as seeds?
Gymnosperms are the only group of plants with cones.
What are the habitats of gymnosperms?
They live in colder climates, temperate climates.
What are some examples of evergreens?
Pines, cedar trees, spruce trees, hemlock, fir trees
What does diciduous mean?
Diciduous is the opposite of conifer; the leaves do not grow all year around.
What are the economic importances of gymnosperms?
Christmas trees, lumber for furniture, paper, etc.
What is the first class of phylum thacheophyta called?
Class Filicinae
What is the second class of phylum Tracheophyta called?
Class Gymnospermae
What is the third class of Phylum tracheophyta called?
Class angiospermae.
How many species of angiospermae are there?
A LOT; (about 275,000)
What is one product that all angiosperms have?
Flowers; some of the flowers may not holdup to flower beauty standards, but that doesn’t make them any less of a flower.
How do angiosperms grow?
The stems will get taller but they may not get wider
What are the protection for seeds?
Fruits!
What are the two subclasses of class angiospermae called?
Monocotyledon and Dicotyledon.
How many species of monocotyledons are there?
Relatively average, but more than ferns. (About 50,000)
How many Dicotyledons are there?
A LOT (about 225,000).
What does dicot mean?
Two storage organs
What does monocot mean?
One storage organ
Why do the cotolydons need to be there (surrounding the embryo)?
They are a food source for the plant baby (mandrake) before it can do photosynthesis.
What does annual mean?
Blooms once a growing season.
What does bienneal mean?
A plant that reproduces twice in its life span.
What does perrrenial mean?
A plant that reproduces for three or more years.
