Kingdom Animalia Phylum 1-4 and 6 Flashcards
What is Kingdom Animalia also known as?
Metazoa
What are the characteristics of Kingdom Animalia?
Heterotrophic, multicellular, no cell wall, most have locomotion.
What is the first phylum of Kingdom Animalia?
Porifera.
What is phylum Porifera made of?
Sponges.
How many species are in phylum Porifera?
5,000 species.
Is Porifera a relatively big or small group?
Small.
Where do Porifera live?
Mostly live in the ocean.
What kind of symmetry do Porifera have?
No symmetry.
Do Porifera move?
No, they are sessile.
What does sessile mean?
To be permanently attached to a surface.
What does Porifera mean?
It means having pores.
How many layers of cells does a sponge have?
It has two layers of cells.
What are the two layers of cells in Porifera?
Ectoderm and the Endoderm.
What is the Ectoderm?
The outer cell layer.
What is the Endoderm?
The inner cell layer.
How do Porifera feed?
By filter feeding.
Describe filter feeding.
The water is brought in thru the pores and the oxygen and food are filtered in. The water leaves thru the osculum with waste and carbon dioxide (CO2).
What are the three types of sponge shapes?
I, T, Y.
What are spicules?
Mineral deposits made of silica.
Where do the spicules come out of?
They stick out thru the endoderm.
What is the function of the spicule?
Their job is to give the sponge its shape, structure, and form, like the skeletal structure.
What are the life stages of a sponge?
The sperm fertilizes the egg, which is a Zygote. This then becomes a larva and then an adult sponge.
Are larvae free swimming?
Free- swimming larvae.
What porifera do before they are adults?
Before they are adults they can move, but once they become a sponge they become sessile.
What is the second phylum of Kingdom Animalia?
Cnidaria.
What is the average number of species in Cnidaria?
10,000 species.
Is Cnidaria a relatively small or big species?
Average.
What are some examples of Cnidaria?
Hydra, Jellyfish, Mano War, sea anemone, and Coral.
Where do Cnidaria live?
Most live in the ocean, but some live in fresh water
What is the structure of a jellyfish?
It has an Ectoderm,, and Mesoglea, Endoderm
What is the middle of a jellyfish like?
It is hollow.
What is the gastrovascular cavity?
Where food is going to be digested.
What is the only opening of the jellyfish?
The mouth, which is also the anus.
What is the function of the jellyfish mouth?
The mouth takes in food and let’s waste go.
What surrounds the jellyfish mouth?
Tentacles.
What are cnidoblasts?
The stinging blasts that shoot out from tentacles.
How do hydra eat?
- They stings the prey.
- The fish is pushed inside their mouth and the gastrovascular cavity.
- The food is digested.
- The waste is pushed out by the tentacles through the mouth.
What type of symmetry do Cnidaria have?
Radial Symmetry.
What are the two kinds of symmetry?
Radial symmetry and Bilateral symmetry.
What is radial symmetry?
- It is the midpoint and body parts surround it.
- There are an infinite amount of ways to cut it.
- The terms the front of animals and back of animals mean nothing.
What is bilateral symmetry?
- Half the body is to the right or left.
2. You can only cut down the center and separate left from the right.
What does asymmetrical mean?
Lacking symmetry.
What are the two forms of Cnidarians?
Polyp and Medusa.
What is a Polyp?
Hydra and Coral are polyps: They are sessile and the tentacles and the mouth are pointing up and are at the top.
What is a Medusa?
The mouth and the tentacles are pointing toward the bottom of the animal and it can swim.
How do polyps make coral reefs?
They make a skeleton of calcium carbonate with little holes in it. The polyps lives inside the little holes.
What would happen if the polyps die?
The reef would die because there would be no polyps to build the coral reef.
What is the largest coral reef in the world?
The Great Barrier Reef in Australia.
What would happen if the barrier reef died?
If the reef dies that the major cities of Australia would be underwater in a matter of fifty years.
What is the third phylum of Kingdom Animalia?
Flatworms, or Platyhelminthes.
How many organisms are in phylum Platyhelminthes?
10,000 species.
How big is phylum Platyhelminthes?
Relatively average.
What kind of symmetry do flatworms have?
Bilateral symmetry.
What is the shape of flatworms?
Flat worms are flat, flattened from top to bottom
What are the three layer of cells in flatworms?
Ectoderm– Mesoderm– Endoderm.
What replaces the Mesoglea in flatworms?
The Mesoderm
Where is the mouth of flatworms located?
The mouth is in the middle to the backend area.
What brings the food into the mouth of a flatworm?
Proboscis.
What does the mouth of a flatworm also serve as?
The anus.
What happens when you cut a Planaria in half?
It will become two worms.
What happens to the larvae when a fluke is born?
The fluke larvae has about a week to find a snail to feed and develop inside the snail. Or else it will die.
What is the alternate host?
It was where the larval form of the parasite live.
Where does the fluke go when it is an adult?
It goes to the main host, like a human host or a sheep host.
About how big is a fluke?
.It is one-two inches long
Do the larval and adult form of the fluke look similar?
No, they look nothing alike.
Do the larval and adult form of the fluke look similar?
No, they look nothing alike.
What is the fluke’s alternate host? (side chick)
The snail
What is the fluke’s main host? (main chick)
A human, a sheep, or cow.
What body parts could an adult fluke live in?
liver (liver flukes), lungs (lung flukes), or blood (blood flukes)
What does a parasite do to it’s host?
It eats its food supply, weakens, and slows it down.
Why does the parasite not want to kill you?
They need you as a food source.
How does a parasite reproduce?
They reproduce in the sheep and then the egg comes out with the sheep pooping.
What does the parasite do in a short period of time?
The parasite has a short period to find a snail, and then it makes cysts on the grass.
Through grass how does the parasite go through another animal?
When another animal eats the grass, or is around the grass.
What are other ways that a person could get a parasite?
A person gets it from eating uncooked meat like sheep, cows, etc. also by working in the rice field.
How can one get rid of a parasite infection?
by seeing the doctor
Why is this a big deal in undeveloped?
Children in underdeveloped countries were affected by hookworm.
About how many kids had hookworm in the 30s and twenties?
2 million kids.
What is trichinella (trichinosis)?
The disease you get by eating undercooked pork
Is trichinella fatal?
It is if not treated
Why do people die of trichinella in underdeveloped countries?
There is no access to hospitals.
What do filarial worms do?
cause swelling in the lymph vessel
What do the lymph vessels do?
carry filarial worms
How does swelling occur?
The worms block the lymph from moving and causes the fluid to stay in one place, causing the swelling.
What is ascaris?
a disease that affects dogs and cats
What is the cause of ascaris?
If a dog or a cat spends too much time outside.
Is ascaris curable?
Yes, it is but you must take it to the vet.
What is phylum 6 of Kingdom animalia?
segmented worms (annelida)
How many species are in segmented phylum?
12,000 species
Is it relatively big or small?
average
What is the most common segmented worm?
earth worms
What is its big advancement of phylum 6 from 1234 and 5?
segmentation
Are we segmented?
Yes, we have a head, thorax, and body
How many segments do worms have?
50-100 segments
What kind of symmetry do worms have?
bilateral symmetry
Where do most segmented worms live?
in the ocean (80 %)
What do worms do in the ocean?
They build tunnels on the ocean floor sometimes one opening, and sometimes U shaped to live in.
What are Marine Worms?
lives in the ocean
Why do farmers love earth worms?
They are good for the soil
What is the parasite leech?
attaches to the outside and sucks blood.
What was the function of the leech in the 1700s?
Doctors used leeches to suck the blood out of the person.
DO people still use leeches?
Yes, they do because if used properly it is a good way to bring down extreme swelling
What is a fluke?
It is a type of parasite.
What are sexes of Flatworms?
Each fluke is both sexes.
What is a tapeworm?
A parasitic flatworm.
How long can a tapeworm be?
Upto 20 feet long.
What are sexes of tapeworms?
Both sexes.
Where do tapeworms live?
In small intestines, eating off food storage.
What is the alternate (side ho) of a tapeworm?
Cow, Pigs, or fish.
What is the main ho of a tapeworm?
YOU. THey could BE ANYWHERE. LURKING IN THE SHADOWS. WAITING, SURREPTITIOUSLY.
What is the fourth phylum of Kingdom Animalia?
Round worms (nematoda)
What is nematode’s main characteric?
round
How many species are in Nematoda?
12,000 species (average)
How are roundworms more advanced than flatworms?
They have a separate mouth and separate anal
How many openings does the round worm?
two opening
What is the stucture of the Nematoda?
ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm
WHere do most round worms live?
Most of these live in water and or soil.
Are round worms parasites?
some are parasites, but most are harmless.
What are hookworms?
is more serious parasite than a fluke or tapeworm, lives in your small intestine, Is not deadly.
How does hookworm spread?ow
From human being to human being, stepping in human excrement.
WHat is lymph?
A fluid in humans that cause swelling if filarial worms are present.
What are the three types of segmented worms?
Marine worms, earth worms, and leeches.
What are earthworms?
They live in the earth and eat dirt.
What are leeches?
They suck blood and reduce swelling.
How do marine and earth worms differ from leeches?
Leeches are not free living.
What are the order of the phylums in animalia
- Porifera
- Cnidaria
- Flatworms
- roundworms
- segmented worms
