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Biological organization Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

nucleus

A

control center inside the cell, contains the cell’s genetic DNA material and controls the cell’s activities.

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2
Q

how many parts are their of the nucleus

A

four parts to the nucleus

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3
Q

nuclear membrane

A

proteins and lipids make it up semi-permeable Job: controls what enters and leaves the nucleus

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4
Q

nucleoplasm

A

gel-like substance made up of salts and proteins job: medium that contains two of the other nuclear structures

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5
Q

chromosomes

A

a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.

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6
Q

nucleolus

A

small region in the nucleus where the assembly of ribosomes begins. Func: Codes for the RNA

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7
Q

What do the genes code for?

A

enzymes

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8
Q

What does the enzyme do in terms of genes?

A

enzymes control the chemistry that brings about the approximate trait

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9
Q

cyctolosis

A

the streaming movement of a cytoplasm

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10
Q

cytoplasm

A

a thick solution that fills each cell and is enclosed by the cell membrane. It is mainly composed of water, salts, and proteins.

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11
Q

mitochondria

A

releases energy and produces ATP using energy stored in food molecules POWERHOUSE

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12
Q

ribosomes

A

small particles in the cell where proteins made Rna and protein are assembled, or protein synthesis

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13
Q

endoplasmic reticulum

A

a network of membranous tubules within the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell, continuous with the nuclear membrane. It usually has ribosomes attached and is involved in protein and lipid synthesis.

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14
Q

rough ER

A

packages proteins to be used in the cell when needed has ribosomes attached

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15
Q

smooth ER

A

package proteins in the cell to be used when needed does not have any ribosomes attached

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16
Q

Golgi body

A

stack of membranes in the cell which enemies attach carbohydrates and lips to proteins

17
Q

lysosomes

A

filled with digestive enzymes that surround and break down worn out cell parts

18
Q

cell membrane

A

thin flexible outer layer that protects and surrounds the cell and REGULATES what enters and leaves the cell

19
Q

cell wall

A

a strong layer around the cell membrane in plants, algae, and some bacteria

20
Q

chromosomes

A

a threadlike structures in the nucleus that contains the genetic information passed from one generation to the next

21
Q

chloroplast

A

uses energy from the sunlight to make energy-rich food molecules by photosynthesis

22
Q

vacuole

A

stores water+salt+proteins+carbohydrates

23
Q

centrosomes

A

an organelle near the nucleus of a cell that contains the centrioles (in animal cells) and from which the spindle fibers develop in cell division.

24
Q

plastids

A

are the site of manufacture and storage of important chemical compounds used by the plant cell

25
Q

chromoplast

A

contains any non green pigment

26
Q

xanthophyll

A

the typical yellow pigments of leaves. These are oxygenated carotenoids that are synthesized within the plastids.

27
Q

What are examples of chromoplasts

A

red roses, carotenes

28
Q

leucoplasts

A

colorless with no pigments at all, stored in starches

29
Q

cuticle

A

The outermost, noncellular, protective covering of certain organisms. In plants it is the wax over leaves and in animals it is cynin

30
Q

True or false: The cell wall is impermeable

A

false: It is permeable

31
Q

True or false: the cell membrane is semipermeable

A

true: all membranes are semipermeable

32
Q

What do ribosomes link?

A

amino acids

33
Q

cytoskeleton

A

a network of protein filaments to help the cell matin its shape and help the cell with movement

Science (21 decks)

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