Biological organization Flashcards
nucleus
control center inside the cell, contains the cell’s genetic DNA material and controls the cell’s activities.
how many parts are their of the nucleus
four parts to the nucleus
nuclear membrane
proteins and lipids make it up semi-permeable Job: controls what enters and leaves the nucleus
nucleoplasm
gel-like substance made up of salts and proteins job: medium that contains two of the other nuclear structures
chromosomes
a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.
nucleolus
small region in the nucleus where the assembly of ribosomes begins. Func: Codes for the RNA
What do the genes code for?
enzymes
What does the enzyme do in terms of genes?
enzymes control the chemistry that brings about the approximate trait
cyctolosis
the streaming movement of a cytoplasm
cytoplasm
a thick solution that fills each cell and is enclosed by the cell membrane. It is mainly composed of water, salts, and proteins.
mitochondria
releases energy and produces ATP using energy stored in food molecules POWERHOUSE
ribosomes
small particles in the cell where proteins made Rna and protein are assembled, or protein synthesis
endoplasmic reticulum
a network of membranous tubules within the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell, continuous with the nuclear membrane. It usually has ribosomes attached and is involved in protein and lipid synthesis.
rough ER
packages proteins to be used in the cell when needed has ribosomes attached
smooth ER
package proteins in the cell to be used when needed does not have any ribosomes attached
Golgi body
stack of membranes in the cell which enemies attach carbohydrates and lips to proteins
lysosomes
filled with digestive enzymes that surround and break down worn out cell parts
cell membrane
thin flexible outer layer that protects and surrounds the cell and REGULATES what enters and leaves the cell
cell wall
a strong layer around the cell membrane in plants, algae, and some bacteria
chromosomes
a threadlike structures in the nucleus that contains the genetic information passed from one generation to the next
chloroplast
uses energy from the sunlight to make energy-rich food molecules by photosynthesis
vacuole
stores water+salt+proteins+carbohydrates
centrosomes
an organelle near the nucleus of a cell that contains the centrioles (in animal cells) and from which the spindle fibers develop in cell division.
plastids
are the site of manufacture and storage of important chemical compounds used by the plant cell
chromoplast
contains any non green pigment
xanthophyll
the typical yellow pigments of leaves. These are oxygenated carotenoids that are synthesized within the plastids.
What are examples of chromoplasts
red roses, carotenes
leucoplasts
colorless with no pigments at all, stored in starches
cuticle
The outermost, noncellular, protective covering of certain organisms. In plants it is the wax over leaves and in animals it is cynin
True or false: The cell wall is impermeable
false: It is permeable
True or false: the cell membrane is semipermeable
true: all membranes are semipermeable
What do ribosomes link?
amino acids
cytoskeleton
a network of protein filaments to help the cell matin its shape and help the cell with movement
