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Chemistry of life Flashcards

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1
Q

How much strong is a pH compared to the next number?

A

A pH of 10 is 10 times the pH of 9. A pH of 5 is ten times the pH of 4. etc.

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2
Q

Letter representation of synthesis is:

A

A+B —-> AB

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3
Q

What is an enzyme?

A

Catalysts containing carbon. They speed up chemical reactions.

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4
Q

What is a constant of an acid?

A

Hydrogen (H+) ions.

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5
Q

What is an exchange reaction?

A

When the atoms of one compound trade places with the atoms of another compound

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6
Q

What is used to make co-enzymes?

A

Some vitamins are used to make co-enzymes.

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7
Q

What is an example of an acid?

A

HCl–(aq)–> H+ Cl-

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8
Q

What is an example of synthesis?

A

CO2 + H2O —> H2CO3

Carbon dioxide and water become carbonic acid, or soda.

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9
Q

Letter representation of exchange is:

A

AB+CD—>AD+CB

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10
Q

What are the steps of an enzyme working?

A

Step 1: The chemicals key into the enzyme.

Step 2: The chemical reaction happens.

Step 3: The chemicals leave when the chemical reaction has happened.

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11
Q

Is water an acid or a base?

A

Water is neutral.

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12
Q

Describe the structural formula of a rearrangement reaction.

A
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13
Q

What is a rearrangement reaction?

A

When the number and type of atom don’t change, but the bonding pattern changes.

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14
Q

What is an aqueous solution?

A

A solution that is mostly water.

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15
Q

What is the equation for salt becoming salt?

A

Na+ + Cl- —-> NaCl

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16
Q

What is the equation for a salt?

A

Acid+ base = water + salt

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17
Q

What is a decomposition reaction?

A

A single compund breaking down into two or more smaller compounds.

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18
Q

How does an enzyme work?

A

The chemicals enter the enzyme (like a lock to a key).

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19
Q

What is a catalyst?

A

A chemical substance that speeds up a reaction without being changer at the end of the reaction.

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20
Q

How many types of reactions can an enzyme speed up?

A

An enzyme can speed up one type of reaction.

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21
Q

What happens if an enzyme is taken over by a poision?

A

The cells will destroy the enzyme and create a new one.

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22
Q

What are buffers?

A

Buffers are chemical compunds (weak acids) that combine with the extra acid, base to remove them and create a pH of 7 (neutral)

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23
Q

What is pH?

A

The power of hydrogen, a mathematical way to measure the strength of an acid or a base.

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24
Q

What kind of charge does an ionic compound have?

A

It has a neutral charge/ no charge.

25
Q

What is a salt?

A

The result of a chemical reaction between an acid and a base that doesn’t dissasociate to produce H+ or OH-.

26
Q

What are the types of chemical reactions?

A

Synthesis

Decomposition

Exchange

Rearrangement

27
Q

Letter representation of rearrangement is:

A

A—->A

28
Q

What is an isotope?

A

Atoms of an element with a different number of neutrons than the other.

29
Q

What happens when an ionic compund is put in water?

A

When an ionic compund is put in water, it has a tendency to break apart (dissasociate).

30
Q

What is the rule of enzyme specificity?

A

An enzyme can only fit one type of chemical into itself.

31
Q

What is an example of decomposition?

A

H2CO3—->CO2 + H2O

Carbonic Acid (soda) becomes water and carbon dioxide.

32
Q

What is an organic compound?

A

A compound with carbon.

33
Q

What is the equation for salt dissolving?

A

NaCl–(aq)–> Na+ + Cl-

34
Q

What is an acid?

A

An ionic compound that dissasociaties in water to produce hydrogen ions (H+).

35
Q

What is an ionic compound?

A

A chemical reaction between two ions that have opposite charges.

36
Q

What is an example of a salt?

A

NaCl–(aq)–>Na+ + Cl-

37
Q

What is another name for a base?

A

Alkali

38
Q

If a cell has more poison than enzymes, what happens to the cell?

A

The cell will die.

39
Q

What is an inorganic compound?

A

A compund without carbon.

40
Q

What does dissasociate mean?

A

to break apart.

41
Q

How do you know the strength of an acid or base?

A

If the solution has more products than reactants, then the strength is strong. Vise versa.

42
Q

What is an example of exchange?

A

HCl+NaOH—>HOH+NaCl

Hydrogen chloride and sodium hydroxide become water and sodium chrolide.

43
Q

What type of bonding does an atom go through when it has four valence electrons?

A

Covalent bonding.

44
Q

What is an example of a base?

A

NaOh–(aq)–>Na+OH-

45
Q

What does poison do to your enzymes?

A

Poison takes almost the same shape as the chemicals that need an enzyme. It then lodges itself into the enzyme, rendering the enzyme useless.

46
Q

Which part of a compound has which type of valence?

A

The part of the compound on the left has a positive valence and the part on the right has a negative valence.

47
Q

What is a base?

A

An ionic compound that dissolves in water to produce hydroxyl (OH-) ions.

48
Q

What are the three types of ionic compounds?

A

Acid, base, and salt.

49
Q

What is an example of rearrangement?

A

C4H10—> C4H10

Butant to propane

50
Q

What kind of reaction makes a salt?

A

An exchange reaction.

51
Q

How strong is an acid or base based on pH?

A

The further away from neutral an acid or base is, the stronger it is.

52
Q

What is a synthesis reaction?

A

When two or more compunds combine to make a single compound.

53
Q

What is a co-enzyme?

A

A co-enzyme is an organic chemical compound that activates the enzyme.

54
Q

Letter representation of decomposition is:

A

AB—->A+B

55
Q

Why are co-enzymes useful?

A

If there is enough of a substance, then the co-enzyme will turn the enzyme off. If there is not enough of an enzyme, then the co-enzyme will activate the enzyme.

56
Q

If a cell has less poison than enzymes, what happens to the cell?

A

The cell will survive.

57
Q

What is an ion?

A

A atom that has gained or lost electrons ( an atom or a group of atoms that have an electric charge)

58
Q

What is the pH of a living human cells?

A

A living cell will have a pH of about 6 to 8.

59
Q

What are all enzymes made off?

A

Proteins

Science (21 decks)

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