Genetics Flashcards
Define Genetics?
Study of heredity
What is Heridity?
Traits being passed down from parents to child
Who is considered the father of Genetics?
Gregor Mendel
What did Gregor Mendel do?
He studied 7 traits in pea plants.
What is dominant mean?
A trait that will appear in the offspring when present
What is a recessive trait?
A trait that will only show up when the dominant trait is not present.
What is homozygous?
When the genotype of a trait is uniform.
What is heterozygous?
When the genotype is mixed and contains different alleles.
What is phenotype?
The visible appearance of a trait.
What is genotype?
The genetic makeup of a trait.
What do P, F1, F2 mean?
P = Parents, F1 = Off spring of Parents, F2 = off spring of F1
What is the first law of seggregation?
When gamets are formed, the alleles will separate into TWO different gamets.
What is the law of independent assortment?
The way the first trait is inherited does not impact the way the second trait is inherited.
When doing di-hybrid cross, what is the rule for gamets?
If gamets are repeated they are redundant.
How are organisms chosen to conduct genetic research on?
Short life span. Many offsprings. Clear traits. Easy to maintain.
What are some examples of organisms that are genetically tested on?
Plants, Mice, Virus, Fruit fly, mold, bacteria
What is amniocentesis?
The piercing of a needle to test for genetic disease in an embryo into an amnion.
When does amniocentesis and chronicvilli sampling occur?
Before the birth of a child.
What happens during chronicville sampling?
Cells are removed from the placenta.
What is a test that happens after birth?
PKU testing.
What does person with PKU have to do?
Not eat a lot of protein.
What happens during genetic profiling?
The DNA is chopped up and the banding pattern is the DNA fingerprint.
What is the human genome project?
A project to sequence every gene in the body.
Why was the human genome project done?
To hopefully treat diseases.
What is a GMF?
Genetically Modified Food.
How are organisms genetically modified?
Genes are transferred to one species to another.
What is the purpose of GMFs?
To improve food.
Why are people against GMFs?
The unnatural organisms might have adverse effects.
