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Science > Ecology > Flashcards

Ecology Flashcards

1
Q

What is ecology?

A

The study of interactions between organisms and their environment.

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2
Q

What are the two types of interactions?

A

Biotic and abiotic factors.

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3
Q

How does temperature impact with how we behave?

A

Feeling cold/feeling hot is interaction.

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4
Q

What are abiotic factors?

A

Factors that involve non living organisms.

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5
Q

What are biotic factors?

A

Factors that involve living organisms.

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6
Q

What are examples of abiotic factors?

A

water, salt, food, temperature

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7
Q

What are biotic factors?

A

animals and plants

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8
Q

What are the four levels of organization?

A
  1. Population
  2. Community
  3. Ecosystem
  4. Biosphere
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9
Q

What is a population?

A

A group of individuals all of the same species living in a particular geographic area.

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10
Q

What is a community?

A

All the populations living in a given area.

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11
Q

What is an ecosystem?

A

The community plus the nonliving environment.

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12
Q

What is a biosphere?

A

All the ecosystems .

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13
Q

What is a niche?

A

The functional role and organism plays in an ecosystem.

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14
Q

What are examples of niches?

A
  1. how you interact with the people around you
  2. food-what you eat and when you eat it
  3. Where you live.
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15
Q

What is the survivorship curve?

A

When there’s a low infant mortality and the offspring have a good chance of surviving. Most individuals die of old age. There’s a low birth rate and a high level parental care.

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16
Q

What is the infant mortality of growth curve one?

A

Low because they survive well into adulthood.

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17
Q

What kind of animal does the 1st growth curve represent?

A

Humans, dogs, and other higher mammals.

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18
Q

What is the birth rate of the survorship curve 1?

A

low

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19
Q

What is the level of parental care in survivorship1?

A

high

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20
Q

What is the rate of death for the second curve?

A

constant rate of death

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21
Q

What are examples of organisms in population curve 2?

A

small mammals, plants

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22
Q

What is the birth rate of survivorship curve 3?

A

produces a lot of offsprings

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23
Q

What is the parental care of 3 like?

A

little or no parental care

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24
Q

What are examples of organisms in 3?

A

fish, trees

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25
Q

What do they produce in large numbers?

A

Thye produce in large numbers because most of the offsprings die before they are born

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26
Q

What is the first growth curve?

A

exponential growth curve

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27
Q

What is the exponential growth curve?

A

The population grows bigger and faster

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28
Q

What is higher in the exponential growth rate?

A

birth rate

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29
Q

Under what circumstance does this circumstance happen?

A

abundant water
food
no pollution

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30
Q

What happens as the population increases?

A

The population ruins their perfect environment

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31
Q

What is the carrying capacity?

A

max population an organism can support with no lasting damage

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32
Q

How long can organism stay at its carrying capacity?

A

not long

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33
Q

What is the exponential growth with a crash?

A

When the crash takes place long before it reaches the K because of lack of resources

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34
Q

What is density?

A

How crowded a population can be

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35
Q

What is the density independent factor?

A

nothing to do with the corresponding factor

ex: hurricane,fires

37
Q

What is logistic growth?

A

The growth accelerates up to the inflection point and then levels out and decelerates.

38
Q

What is the destiny dependent factor?

A

environmental sources ex: food, space, water pollution, disease

39
Q

What is mimicry?

A

learns to look like a harmful organism, so it doesn’t get eaten ex: coral snake, viceroy

40
Q

How does the viceroy perform mimicry?

A

It mimics the monarch butterfly, which is harmful because it produces certain toxins which taste bad to birds.

41
Q

Is it possible for two harmful species to look alike?

A

yes, because it reduces the learning curve

42
Q

What is symbiosis?

A

close relationships between two species

ex: algae, fungi

43
Q

What commensalism?

A

benefits only one party, but the other party is unaffected

44
Q

What is parasitism?

A

benefits one party, and the other organism is harmed in he process

45
Q

What is ecological succession?

A

an orderly process of community change it involves the dominant species in the community

46
Q

how much time does it usually take?

48
Q

What is primary succession?

A

goes from nothing to a full forest Key: no soil, starts from sa starting point (rock or glacier)

49
Q

What causes an environment to go to the primary stage?

A

landslide can destroy everything leaving nothing but rock

50
Q

How does rock got to a forest?

A

rock—lichen—moss—grasses—shrubs—trees

51
Q

What is the last stage of succession?

52
Q

What is the secondary stage of succession?

A

new community is formed after a disturbance destroy the old community, and makes a new one
ex: flooding

54
Q

What is the climax community?

A

final stable end result

55
Q

What do some scientist say about the climax?

A

some ecologists say no such things as a climax community

56
Q

What is the ecosystem productivity?

A

how the food moves through the ecosystem

57
Q

What is the gross primary productivity?

A

all of the photosynthesis done by plants also the kemosynthesis

58
Q

What is the net?

A

leftover food not used by the plants available to the animals. only animals have access to this

59
Q

What is the food chain?

A

sequence of organism which energy passes

60
Q

What is an example of a food chain?

A

diatom–small shrimp(krill)–diatom

61
Q

What is another of a food chain?

A

grass–antelope–lion

62
Q

What is the difference between a food chain and a food web?

A

a food web has different food levels

63
Q

What are trophic levels?

64
Q

What are the trophic levels?

A

1) producer
2) primary consumer
3) secondary consumer
4) tertiary consumer
5) decomposers

65
Q

What are producers?

A

The autotrophs

66
Q

What are primary consumer?

A

herbivores

67
Q

What are secondary consumers?

A

carnivores, parasites, scavengers

68
Q

What are tertiary consumers

69
Q

What are decomposers?

A

bateria and fungi

70
Q

How much of the energy is traveled from level to level?

A

10 percent of the entry is traveled from level to level

71
Q

How many trophic levels does the average food chain have?

72
Q

What happens when the organism do cellular respiration?

A

it loses its energy in heat

73
Q

Does an organism use everything it takes?

74
Q

What is 90 percent of the food?

A

food not eaten

75
Q

What are the types of pyramids?

A

Pyramids of Mass
Pyramids of productivity
Pyramids of energy

76
Q

What is a biome?

A

large geographic region with a certain climate and a specific plant or animal community

77
Q

What are the 7 major land biomes?

A
  1. tundra
  2. taiga
  3. temperate deciduous
  4. temperate grassland
  5. Savanna
  6. desert
  7. Tropical`
78
Q

What is the tundra?

A

A biome located near the north pole, and it is cold year round. Winter is for 10 months and summer is for two months

79
Q

What is permafrost?

A

soil that is the frozen solid, it never melts, and prevents the trees form forming roots

80
Q

What is the taiga?

A

It has conifer trees

long cold winters, short warm summers, snowy from Sept-May,

81
Q

Whites the temperate dedidous climate?

A

The desirous trees go thru winter with no leaves and the summer and spring. It has four distinct season, Central US, can Asia

82
Q

What is Temp. Grassland?

A

It has no trees primarily because of wind conditions always, primary farmland, rich soil, prarie, cen Us

83
Q

What is Savanna?

A

Tropical semi tropical, its primary plant is grass, Temp. hot, Its season is dry heat and rainy season

84
Q

What is tropical

A

It is located near the equator, has tall trees, abundant rainfall, rainy season all year long many species.

85
Q

What is the nutrient cycle?

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